| Summary: | A mobile ad-hoc network is an assortment of wireless mobile hosts, which establishes a momentary network without any assist of centralized administrator. The characteristics of an ad-hoc network can be explored on the base of routing protocols. The dynamic topology is the vital characteristic in which nodes frequently change their position. In the ad-hoc networks, there are mobile nodes such as Personal Digital Assistance (PDA), smart phone and laptops; they have limited operational resources like battery power and bandwidth. The control traffic is to be minimized, which is the main responsibility of routing protocols by selecting the shortest path and controlling the traffic. In this study work, we focus on performance issues of routing protocols, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) in mobility and standalone ad-hoc networks. For this purpose, we first study and explain these protocols and then we use the Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) modeler tool and analyze the performance metrics delay, throughput and network load.
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