Distribution and dispersal of the non-native caprellid amphipod, Caprella mutica Schurin 1935

• Main Author: Ashton, Gail Victoria
• Other Authors: Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth ; Burrows, Michael
• Published: University of the Highlands and Islands 2007
• Subjects: 595.378
• Online Access: http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440072

The introduction of non-native species is the second most important anthropogenic threat to global biodiversity, with the first being habitat destruction. <i>Caprella mutica</i> is a native of the Sea of Japan area, but has subsequently been identified as introduced in several globally distributed locations. This thesis first establishes the current global distribution of <i>C. mutica</i> and uses molecular evidence to suggest global introduction pathways. A study of post-establishment (secondary) vectors and the environmental tolerance of <i>C. mutica</i> provide information regarding the modes of dispersal and potential future range of this and other non-native species. Information regarding the biology and ecology of <i>C. mutica</i> was collected through a study of its seasonal population dynamics. <i>C. mutica</i> has several traits attributed as being characteristics of successful non-native species, such as an abundant and widespread distribution in the native range, broad physiological tolerances, broad food preferences, short lifespan and generation times and high fecundity and growth rate. Enhanced food supply, availability of space, and intensity, timing and sequence of disturbance events contributed to the relative success of <i>C. mutica</i> at several sites. Species native to cold temperate regions, with similar life-history characteristics to <i>C. mutica </i>and exposed to human dispersal mechanisms have the potential to be introduced to the UK.  Once established, there are several effective dispersal mechanisms that can rapidly spread species along the coastlines. Given the widespread distribution of <i>C. mutica</i> in the UK, eradication is not an option.