Preventing falls in Parkinson's disease

Introduction Falls are a frequent and serious complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) in part related to an underlying cholinergic deficit that contributes to both gait and cognitive dysfunction. There is an urgent need to identify strategies that will effectively prevent falls and the consequ...

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Main Author: Henderson, Emily J.
Published: University of Bristol 2016
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Online Access:http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702167
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spelling ndltd-bl.uk-oai-ethos.bl.uk-7021672017-07-25T03:36:04ZPreventing falls in Parkinson's diseaseHenderson, Emily J.2016Introduction Falls are a frequent and serious complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) in part related to an underlying cholinergic deficit that contributes to both gait and cognitive dysfunction. There is an urgent need to identify strategies that will effectively prevent falls and the consequences thereof. This thesis aims to assess whether ameliorating the cholinergic deficit with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine will reduce gait variability and the frequency of falls. Methods This phase II randomised double blind placebo controlled trial recruited PD patients, who had fallen in the past year; were able to walk 18 metres without an aid; had no exposure to a cholinesterase inhibitor, and did not have dementia. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to rivastigmine (target dose 12mg per day) or placebo by central allocation. The primary outcome measure was step time variability, a marker of gait stability, assessed at 32 weeks employing an intention-to-treat analysis. Step-time variability was assessed in three different walking paradigms combining tasks of increasing attentional demand. Results We recruited 130 patients who were randomly assigned to rivastigmine or placebo and 120 (92.3%) completed the study. Rivastigmine improved step time variability in all three walking conditions with the most significant benefit for normal walking; ratio of geometric means in normal walking 0.72 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.88, p=0.002); simple dual task 0.79 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.99, p=0.05), and complex dual task 0.81 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.09, p=0.17). There was a 45% (95%CI 19% to 62%, p=0.002) reduction in the rate of falls per month during the treatment period. Gastrointestinal side effects were more common on rivastigmine (p<O.OOl) but there was no difference in serious adverse events (14 rivastigmine versus 13 placebo, respectively p=0.19). Conclusion Rivastigmine improved gait stability and reduced falls frequency. A future phase III study is required to confirm these results and demonstrate cost-effectiveness.616.8University of Bristolhttp://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702167Electronic Thesis or Dissertation
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topic 616.8
spellingShingle 616.8
Henderson, Emily J.
Preventing falls in Parkinson's disease
description Introduction Falls are a frequent and serious complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) in part related to an underlying cholinergic deficit that contributes to both gait and cognitive dysfunction. There is an urgent need to identify strategies that will effectively prevent falls and the consequences thereof. This thesis aims to assess whether ameliorating the cholinergic deficit with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine will reduce gait variability and the frequency of falls. Methods This phase II randomised double blind placebo controlled trial recruited PD patients, who had fallen in the past year; were able to walk 18 metres without an aid; had no exposure to a cholinesterase inhibitor, and did not have dementia. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to rivastigmine (target dose 12mg per day) or placebo by central allocation. The primary outcome measure was step time variability, a marker of gait stability, assessed at 32 weeks employing an intention-to-treat analysis. Step-time variability was assessed in three different walking paradigms combining tasks of increasing attentional demand. Results We recruited 130 patients who were randomly assigned to rivastigmine or placebo and 120 (92.3%) completed the study. Rivastigmine improved step time variability in all three walking conditions with the most significant benefit for normal walking; ratio of geometric means in normal walking 0.72 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.88, p=0.002); simple dual task 0.79 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.99, p=0.05), and complex dual task 0.81 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.09, p=0.17). There was a 45% (95%CI 19% to 62%, p=0.002) reduction in the rate of falls per month during the treatment period. Gastrointestinal side effects were more common on rivastigmine (p<O.OOl) but there was no difference in serious adverse events (14 rivastigmine versus 13 placebo, respectively p=0.19). Conclusion Rivastigmine improved gait stability and reduced falls frequency. A future phase III study is required to confirm these results and demonstrate cost-effectiveness.
author Henderson, Emily J.
author_facet Henderson, Emily J.
author_sort Henderson, Emily J.
title Preventing falls in Parkinson's disease
title_short Preventing falls in Parkinson's disease
title_full Preventing falls in Parkinson's disease
title_fullStr Preventing falls in Parkinson's disease
title_full_unstemmed Preventing falls in Parkinson's disease
title_sort preventing falls in parkinson's disease
publisher University of Bristol
publishDate 2016
url http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702167
work_keys_str_mv AT hendersonemilyj preventingfallsinparkinsonsdisease
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