Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study
<b>Background:</b> Anal, vulval and vaginal cancers predominantly affect postmenopausal women. Over 85% of registrations occur after the age of 50. Risk factors for these cancers, other than high-risk human papillomaviruses, are not well defined. <b>Methods:</b> 1.3 million U...
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ndltd-bl.uk-oai-ethos.bl.uk-7120802018-11-20T03:20:30ZRisk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women StudyCoffey, Catherine JudithBarnes, Isobel ; Beral, Valerie2015<b>Background:</b> Anal, vulval and vaginal cancers predominantly affect postmenopausal women. Over 85% of registrations occur after the age of 50. Risk factors for these cancers, other than high-risk human papillomaviruses, are not well defined. <b>Methods:</b> 1.3 million UK women, mostly aged 50-65 at recruitment, were followed for incident anogenital cancer. Cox regression models with age as the underlying time variable were used to calculate adjusted relative risks associated with various lifetime exposures. <b>Results:</b> 570 anal, 898 vulval, and 170 vaginal cancers were registered over an average 13.8 years of follow-up. History of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) prior to recruitment was associated with a 4-fold increase in risk of anal cancer, a doubling of risk of vulval cancer, and a 7-fold increase in risk of vaginal cancer. Significant associations were also seen for past cervical cytological abnormalities, with an increase in risk of anal cancer for low-grade, and an increase in risk of all three cancers associated with high-grade abnormalities. Anal cancer risk was also associated with smoking, prior use of oral contraceptives, nulliparity, tubal ligation, and not living with a husband/partner. Risk of vulval cancer was increased in overweight, obese women, and those with a menopause prior to age 50. Risk of vaginal cancer was increased amongst women who were nulliparous, overweight or obese, who had a hysterectomy prior to recruitment, or who were not married or living with a partner. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite anatomical proximity and histological similarities of the anogenital tissues, anal, vulval and vaginal cancers have heterogeneous associations with many lifetime exposures, suggesting differences in aetiology. Past high-grade cervical abnormalities are a marker of increased risk of subsequent anogenital cancer, but only a small proportion of women with such a history go on to develop anal, vulval or vaginal cancer later in life.616.99Cancer--EpidemiologyUniversity of Oxfordhttps://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.712080https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d238974-8ece-4aad-8345-45448fd4389fElectronic Thesis or Dissertation |
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616.99 Cancer--Epidemiology |
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616.99 Cancer--Epidemiology Coffey, Catherine Judith Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study |
description |
<b>Background:</b> Anal, vulval and vaginal cancers predominantly affect postmenopausal women. Over 85% of registrations occur after the age of 50. Risk factors for these cancers, other than high-risk human papillomaviruses, are not well defined. <b>Methods:</b> 1.3 million UK women, mostly aged 50-65 at recruitment, were followed for incident anogenital cancer. Cox regression models with age as the underlying time variable were used to calculate adjusted relative risks associated with various lifetime exposures. <b>Results:</b> 570 anal, 898 vulval, and 170 vaginal cancers were registered over an average 13.8 years of follow-up. History of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) prior to recruitment was associated with a 4-fold increase in risk of anal cancer, a doubling of risk of vulval cancer, and a 7-fold increase in risk of vaginal cancer. Significant associations were also seen for past cervical cytological abnormalities, with an increase in risk of anal cancer for low-grade, and an increase in risk of all three cancers associated with high-grade abnormalities. Anal cancer risk was also associated with smoking, prior use of oral contraceptives, nulliparity, tubal ligation, and not living with a husband/partner. Risk of vulval cancer was increased in overweight, obese women, and those with a menopause prior to age 50. Risk of vaginal cancer was increased amongst women who were nulliparous, overweight or obese, who had a hysterectomy prior to recruitment, or who were not married or living with a partner. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite anatomical proximity and histological similarities of the anogenital tissues, anal, vulval and vaginal cancers have heterogeneous associations with many lifetime exposures, suggesting differences in aetiology. Past high-grade cervical abnormalities are a marker of increased risk of subsequent anogenital cancer, but only a small proportion of women with such a history go on to develop anal, vulval or vaginal cancer later in life. |
author2 |
Barnes, Isobel ; Beral, Valerie |
author_facet |
Barnes, Isobel ; Beral, Valerie Coffey, Catherine Judith |
author |
Coffey, Catherine Judith |
author_sort |
Coffey, Catherine Judith |
title |
Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study |
title_short |
Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study |
title_full |
Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study |
title_fullStr |
Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study |
title_sort |
risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the million women study |
publisher |
University of Oxford |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.712080 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT coffeycatherinejudith riskfactorsforanogenitalcancersinpostmenopausalwomenthemillionwomenstudy |
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1718795988568637440 |