Treatment of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate by integrating adsorption by chitinous materials and photocatalytic oxidation.

• Other Authors: Chan, Chui Man.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 2006
• Subjects: Sewage > Purification > Organic compounds removal; Diethylhexyl phthalate > Absorption and adsorption; Diethylhexyl phthalate > Oxidation; Chitin
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896504; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-325630

by Chan Chui Man. === Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-94). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === Acknowledgements --- p.i === Abstract --- p.ii === 摘要 --- p.iii === Contents --- p.iv === List of Figures --- p.ix === List of Plates --- p.xi === List of Tables --- p.xii === List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv === Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1 --- Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1.1 --- The chemical class of DEHP: Phthalate ester --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1.2 --- Characteristics of DEHP --- p.3 === Chapter 1.1.3 --- Sources of releases and environmental concentration --- p.4 === Chapter 1.1.4 --- Persistence of DEHP --- p.5 === Chapter 1.1.5 --- Routes of exposure --- p.6 === Chapter 1.1.6 --- Toxicity of DEHP --- p.7 === Chapter 1.1.6.1 --- Acute toxicity --- p.7 === Chapter 1.1.6.2 --- Chronic toxicity --- p.8 === Chapter 1.1.6.2.1 --- Adverse effects on reproduction system --- p.8 === Chapter 1.1.6.2.2 --- Carcinogenicity --- p.9 === Chapter 1.1.6.2.3 --- Developmental toxicity --- p.9 === Chapter 1.1.6.2.4 --- Endocrine disruption --- p.10 === Chapter 1.1.6.2.5 --- Hepatotoxicity --- p.10 === Chapter 1.1.7 --- Regulations --- p.10 === Chapter 1.2 --- Treatment of DEHP --- p.11 === Chapter 1.2.1 --- Conventional treatment technologies --- p.11 === Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Physical method --- p.11 === Chapter 1.2.1.1.1 --- Adsorption --- p.11 === Chapter 1.2.1.1.2 --- Sonolysis --- p.12 === Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Photochemical method --- p.13 === Chapter 1.2.1.2.1 --- Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) --- p.13 === Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Biological method --- p.13 === Chapter 1.2.1.3.1 --- Biodegradation --- p.13 === Chapter 1.2.1.3.2 --- Sewage treatment process --- p.14 === Chapter 1.2.2 --- Integrated treatment method in the present study --- p.15 === Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Biosorption --- p.15 === Chapter 1.2.2.1.1 --- Definition of biosorption --- p.15 === Chapter 1.2.2.1.2 --- Advantages of biosorption --- p.16 === Chapter 1.2.2.1.3 --- Chitinous materials as biosorbents --- p.16 === Chapter 1.2.2.1.4 --- Advantages of using chitinous materials as biosorbents --- p.17 === Chapter 1.2.2.1.5 --- Modeling of biosorption --- p.19 === Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- PCO --- p.21 === Chapter 1.2.2.2.1 --- Definition of PCO --- p.21 === Chapter 1.2.2.2.2 --- Mechanism of PCO --- p.23 === Chapter 1.2.2.2.3 --- Advantages of PCO --- p.25 === Chapter 2 --- Objectives --- p.27 === Chapter 3 --- Materials and methods --- p.28 === Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.28 === Chapter 3.1.1 --- Adsorbate --- p.28 === Chapter 3.1.2 --- Biosorbents --- p.28 === Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Pretreatment of biosorbents --- p.29 === Chapter 3.1.3 --- Photocatalytic reactor --- p.29 === Chapter 3.1.4 --- Photocatalyst --- p.30 === Chapter 3.1.5 --- Electron scavenger --- p.31 === Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.31 === Chapter 3.2.1 --- Determination of DEHP concentration --- p.31 === Chapter 3.2.2 --- Batch biosorption experiment --- p.32 === Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Screening of biosorbents --- p.33 === Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Optimization of biosorption conditions --- p.33 === Chapter 3.2.2.2.1 --- Effect of biosorbent concentration --- p.33 === Chapter 3.2.2.2.2 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.33 === Chapter 3.2.2.2.3 --- Effect of biosorption time --- p.34 === Chapter 3.2.2.2.4 --- Effect of temperature --- p.34 === Chapter 3.2.2.2.5 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.34 === Chapter 3.2.2.2.6 --- Effect of initial DEHP concentration --- p.34 === Chapter 3.2.2.2.7 --- "Combinational effect of initial pH, chitin A concentration and initial DEHP concentration" --- p.35 === Chapter 3.2.3 --- Extraction of adsorbed DEHP from chitin A --- p.35 === Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Screening of extraction agents --- p.36 === Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Determination of extraction time --- p.36 === Chapter 3.2.4 --- Batch PCO experiment --- p.36 === Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Optimization of PCO conditions --- p.38 === Chapter 3.2.4.1.1 --- Effect of reaction time --- p.38 === Chapter 3.2.4.1.2 --- Effect of UV-A intensity --- p.38 === Chapter 3.2.4.1.3 --- Effect of TiO2 concentration --- p.38 === Chapter 3.2.4.1.4 --- Effect of H2O2 concentration --- p.38 === Chapter 3.2.4.1.5 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.39 === Chapter 3.2.4.1.6 --- Combinational effect of H2O2 concentration and initial pH --- p.39 === Chapter 3.2.4.1.7 --- Effect of concentration factor --- p.39 === Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Identification of intermediates/products of DEHP --- p.39 === Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Evaluation for the toxicity of DEHP and the intermediates/products by the Microtox® test --- p.40 === Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.42 === Chapter 4.1 --- Batch biosorption experiment --- p.42 === Chapter 4.1.1 --- Screening of biosorbents --- p.42 === Chapter 4.1.2 --- Optimization of biosorption conditions --- p.42 === Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Effect of biosorbent concentration --- p.42 === Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.42 === Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Effect of biosorption time --- p.46 === Chapter 4.1.2.4 --- Effect of temperature --- p.46 === Chapter 4.1.2.5 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.46 === Chapter 4.1.2.6 --- Effect of initial DEHP concentration --- p.46 === Chapter 4.1.2.7 --- "Combinational effect of initial pH, chitin A concentration and initial DEHP concentration" --- p.51 === Chapter 4.1.2.8 --- Summary of biosorption conditions before and after optimization --- p.54 === Chapter 4.2 --- Extraction of adsorbed DEHP from chitin A --- p.54 === Chapter 4.2.1 --- Screening of extraction agents --- p.54 === Chapter 4.2.2 --- Determination of extraction time --- p.55 === Chapter 4.3 --- Batch PCO experiment --- p.56 === Chapter 4.3.1 --- Optimization of PCO conditions --- p.56 === Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Effect of reaction time --- p.56 === Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Effect of UV-A intensity --- p.57 === Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Effect of TiO2 concentration --- p.59 === Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- Effect of H2O2 concentration --- p.60 === Chapter 4.3.1.5 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.61 === Chapter 4.3.1.6 --- Combinational effect of H2O2 concentration and initial pH --- p.62 === Chapter 4.3.1.7 --- Effect of CF --- p.63 === Chapter 4.3.1.8 --- Summary of PCO conditions before and after optimization --- p.63 === Chapter 4.3.2 --- Identification of intermediates/products of DEHP --- p.64 === Chapter 4.3.3 --- Evaluation for the toxicity of DEHP and the intermediates/products by the Microtox® test --- p.66 === Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.68 === Chapter 5.1 --- Batch biosorption experiment --- p.68 === Chapter 5.1.1 --- Screening of biosorbents --- p.68 === Chapter 5.1.2 --- Optimization of biosorption conditions --- p.69 === Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Effect of biosorbent concentration --- p.69 === Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.69 === Chapter 5.1.2.3 --- Effect of biosorption time --- p.70 === Chapter 5.1.2.4 --- Effect of temperature --- p.71 === Chapter 5.1.2.5 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.71 === Chapter 5.1.2.6 --- Effect of initial DEHP concentration --- p.71 === Chapter 5.1.2.7 --- "Combinational effect of initial pH, chitin A concentration and initial DEHP concentration" --- p.73 === Chapter 5.2 --- Extraction of adsorbed DEHP from chitin A --- p.74 === Chapter 5.2.1 --- Screening of extraction agents --- p.74 === Chapter 5.2.2. --- Determination of extraction time --- p.74 === Chapter 5.3 --- Batch PCO experiment --- p.74 === Chapter 5.3.1 --- Optimization of PCO conditions --- p.74 === Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- Effect of reaction time --- p.74 === Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- Effect of UV-A intensity --- p.74 === Chapter 5.3.1.3 --- Effect of TiO2 concentration --- p.75 === Chapter 5.3.1.4 --- Effect of H2O2 concentration --- p.75 === Chapter 5.3.1.5 --- Effect of initial pH --- p.76 === Chapter 5.3.1.6 --- Combinational effect of H2O2 concentration and initial pH --- p.77 === Chapter 5.3.1.7 --- Effect of CF --- p.77 === Chapter 5.3.2 --- Identification of intermediates/products of DEHP --- p.78 === Chapter 5.3.3 --- Evaluation for the toxicity of DEHP and the intermediates/products by the Microtox test --- p.79 === Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.80 === Chapter 7 --- References --- p.83