Voice but no exit: the role of loyalty in the political participation of young middle class in Hong Kong.

• Other Authors: Chan, Chun Kit.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 2006
• Subjects: Middle class > Political activity; Middle class > China > Hong Kong > Political activity; Youth > Political activity; Youth > China > Hong Kong > Political activity; Allegiance; Allegiance > China > Hong Kong
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896524; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-325738

Chan Chun Kit. === Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-255). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === Abstract --- p.i === Acknowledgements --- p.v === Content --- p.vi === List of Charts and Tables --- p.xii === Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction: The Change of Attitude --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background and Research Question --- p.1 === Chapter 1.2 --- Theoretical Framework --- p.3 === Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.4 === Chapter 1.4 --- Plan of the Thesis --- p.7 === Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: Concerning Political Participation and Emigration --- p.9 === Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 === Chapter 2.2 --- Emigration --- p.10 === Chapter 2.2.1 --- Literature of Emigration --- p.10 === Chapter 2.2.2 --- Emigration in Hong Kong --- p.11 === Chapter 2.2.3 --- Lesson from the Emigration Literature --- p.15 === Chapter 2.3 --- Political Participation --- p.16 === Chapter 2.3.1 --- Meaning of Political Participation --- p.16 === Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Culturalist Theory --- p.19 === Chapter 2.3.3 --- Political Participation in Hong Kong --- p.22 === Chapter 2.3.4 --- Limitations of Culturalist Theory --- p.25 === Chapter 2.4 --- An Alternative Approach: Hirschman's theory --- p.27 === Chapter 2.4.1 --- Introduction to Hirschman's Theory --- p.28 === Chapter 2.4.2 --- Relationship between Exit and Voice --- p.29 === Chapter 2.4.3 --- The Idea of Loyalty --- p.30 === Chapter 2.4.4 --- Amendment and Critiques of Hirschman's Original Theory --- p.32 === Chapter 2.4.5 --- Other Literatures of Loyalty and Loyalty in Hong Kong --- p.39 === Chapter 2.4.6 --- The Different Role of Loyalty between Hirschman´ةs Literature and Cultualist Theory --- p.41 === Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.42 === Chapter Chapter 3 --- Historical Review: Acting between Exit and Voice --- p.44 === Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.44 === Chapter 3.2 --- Push Factors --- p.45 === Chapter 3.2.1 --- Political Situation before 1997 --- p.45 === Chapter 3.2.2 --- Economic Situation before 1997 --- p.47 === Chapter 3.2.3 --- Political Situation after 1997 --- p.49 === Chapter 3.2.4 --- Economic Situation after 1997 --- p.52 === Chapter 3.2.5 --- The Overall Perception of Hong Kong Future --- p.57 === Chapter 3.3 --- Pull Factors --- p.59 === Chapter 3.3.1 --- The Difficulty for Applying a Foreign Residency --- p.60 === Chapter 3.3.2 --- Economic Situation before 1997 --- p.63 === Chapter 3.3.3 --- Economic Situation after 1997 --- p.65 === Chapter 3.4 --- Pattern of Political Participation and Emigration --- p.73 === Chapter 3.4.1 --- Pattern of Political Participation and Emigration before 1997 --- p.73 === Chapter 3.4.2 --- Pattern of Political Participation and Emigration after 1997 --- p.75 === Chapter 3.5 --- The Puzzle --- p.79 === Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.81 === Chapter Chapter 4 --- Theory and Method: Accessing Loyalty --- p.83 === Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.83 === Chapter 4.2 --- Research Aim --- p.83 === Chapter 4.3 --- Putting Emigration into the Spectrum of Political Participation --- p.84 === Chapter 4.4 --- Subject of Study --- p.86 === Chapter 4.4.1 --- Middle Class Individuals as Quality Conscious Consumer --- p.86 === Chapter 4.4.2 --- The Definition of Middle Class --- p.88 === Chapter 4.5 --- Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Loyalty --- p.90 === Chapter 4.6 --- The Effects of Loyalty --- p.92 === Chapter 4.7 --- Research Approach --- p.95 === Chapter 4.7.1 --- Research Method - Qualitative Data Analysis --- p.95 === Chapter 4.7.2 --- Scope of Sample - Deviant Critical Case --- p.96 === Chapter 4.7.3 --- Sampling Method - Theoretical Sampling --- p.97 === Chapter 4.8 --- Conducting Interviews --- p.99 === Chapter 4.9 --- Data Analysis --- p.100 === Chapter 4.10 --- Conclusion --- p.101 === Chapter Chapter 5 --- Findings and Analysis I: Foundation of the Research: Perception after 97 --- p.103 === Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 === Chapter 5.2 --- Perception about the 1997-2003 Period --- p.103 === Chapter 5.3 --- Deteriorated Areas --- p.105 === Chapter 5.3.1 --- Government Performance --- p.105 === Chapter 5.3.2 --- Political Atmosphere --- p.107 === Chapter 5.3.3 --- Economic Atmosphere --- p.108 === Chapter 5.4 --- The Most Concerned Areas in Past Decades --- p.109 === Chapter 5.4.1 --- Liberty --- p.109 === Chapter 5.4.2 --- Rule of Law --- p.110 === Chapter 5.4.3 --- "The Implementation of ""One Country, Two System" --- p.113 === Chapter 5.5 --- The Perception of Democracy --- p.117 === Chapter 5.6 --- Most Recognized Issues --- p.120 === Chapter 5.6 --- Accessing the Research Question --- p.122 === Chapter 5.7 --- Conclusion --- p.122 === Chapter Chapter 6 --- Findings and Analysis II: Foundation of the Research: Loyalty: Emergence and level of Loyalty --- p.124 === Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.124 === Chapter 6.2 --- Loyalty to Hong Kong --- p.124 === Chapter 6.2.1 --- Hong Kong Loyalist --- p.125 === Chapter 6.2.2 --- Loyal Complainer of Hong Kong --- p.127 === Chapter 6.2.3 --- The Share Characteristic of “Hong Kong Loyalist´ح and “Loyal Complainer of Hong Kong´ح --- p.130 === Chapter 6.2.4 --- Hong Kong Disloyalist --- p.132 === Chapter 6.3 --- Common Belief ´ؤ The Idea of Liberty --- p.132 === Chapter 6.4 --- Loyalty to China --- p.133 === Chapter 6.4.1 --- China Loyalist --- p.134 === Chapter 6.4.2 --- Separated China Loyalist --- p.136 === Chapter 6.4.3 --- Loyal Complainer of China --- p.139 === Chapter 6.4.4 --- China Disloyalist --- p.141 === Chapter 6.5 --- Common Belief- Psychological Distance --- p.142 === Chapter 6.6 --- Sense of Influent Ability --- p.143 === Chapter 6.6.1 --- Contribution to Hong Kong --- p.144 === Chapter 6.6.2 --- Contribution to China --- p.146 === Chapter 6.6.3 --- Affecting Government's policy --- p.149 === Chapter 6.7 --- Expectation about Future --- p.151 === Chapter 6.8 --- Accessing the Research Question --- p.153 === Chapter 6.9 --- Conclusion --- p.154 === Chapter Chapter 7 --- Findings and Analysis III: Relationship between Loyalty and the July-First Demonstration --- p.157 === Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.157 === Chapter 7.2 --- Reasons for Joining The Demonstration --- p.157 === Chapter 7.2.1 --- The Dominating Reason --- p.158 === Chapter 7.2.2 --- The Sense of Hongkongese --- p.161 === Chapter 7.2.3 --- Loyalty of Other Organization --- p.163 === Chapter 7.2.3 --- Misunderstanding --- p.164 === Chapter 7.3 --- The Effect of Loyalty in the July-first Demonstration --- p.165 === Chapter 7.4 --- Other Effects of the Demonstration --- p.170 === Chapter 7.5 --- The Post July-first Era and Further Political Participations --- p.172 === Chapter 7.5.1 --- Political Situation --- p.172 === Chapter 7.5.2 --- Economic and Social Situations --- p.175 === Chapter 7.5.3 --- Satisfaction --- p.175 === Chapter 7.5.4 --- Further Political Actions --- p.177 === Chapter 7.6 --- Factor(s) for Simulating Further Demonstrations --- p.179 === Chapter 7.7 --- Discussion --- p.180 === Chapter 7.7.1 --- Loyalty and Demonstration in Hong Kong --- p.180 === Chapter 8.7.2 --- Liberty and Demonstration in Hong Kong --- p.182 === Chapter 8.7.3 --- The level of Satisfaction and the Effectiveness of Demonstration in Hong Kong --- p.184 === Chapter 7.8 --- Conclusion --- p.185 === Chapter Chapter 8 --- Findings and Analysis IV: Relationship between Loyalty and Emigration --- p.187 === Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.187 === Chapter 8.2 --- Emigration --- p.187 === Chapter 8.2.1 --- Intention of Leaving Hong Kong --- p.188 === Chapter 8.2.2 --- Reasons for Staying --- p.189 === Chapter 8.3 --- Intention of Settlement in China --- p.192 === Chapter 8.3.1 --- Reason of Having the Intention --- p.193 === Chapter 8.3.2 --- Reasons for Staying --- p.193 === Chapter 8.4 --- Cause of Reluctant Emigration --- p.196 === Chapter 8.5 --- The Effect of Loyalty in Emigration --- p.197 === Chapter 8.6 --- Discussion --- p.201 === Chapter 8.6.1 --- Loyalty and Emigration in Hong Kong --- p.201 === Chapter 8.6.2 --- The Effect of the Loyalty of China --- p.203 === Chapter 8.6.3 --- The Credibility of the Threat of Exit --- p.204 === Chapter 8.7 --- Conclusion --- p.205 === Chapter Chapter 9 --- "Conclusion: Re-visiting Exit, Voice and Loyalty" --- p.207 === Chapter 9.1 --- Introduction --- p.207 === Chapter 9.2 --- Summary of the Findings from the Study --- p.208 === Chapter 9.2.1 --- Perception about the Post-97 Situation of Hong Kong --- p.208 === Chapter 9.2.2 --- The Sense of Loyalty --- p.208 === Chapter 9.2.3 --- Relationship between Loyalty and Demonstration --- p.209 === Chapter 9.2.4 --- Relationship between Loyalty and Emigration --- p.210 === Chapter 9.3 --- Discussion of Hirschman's Theory --- p.211 === Chapter 9.3.1 --- Signal Product V.S. Multi-products --- p.211 === Chapter 9.3.2 --- Effects of Loyalty --- p.213 === Chapter 9.3.3 --- Single Loyalty V.S. Multi-loyalties --- p.214 === Chapter 9.3.4 --- "The Tension between Loyalty, Exit and Voice" --- p.216 === Chapter 9.4 --- The Trend of Future --- p.217 === Chapter 9.5 --- Political Implications --- p.219 === Chapter 9.5.1 --- Soft Authoritarianism and Administrative Absorption of Politics --- p.219 === Chapter 9.5.2 --- Liberty cannot be Infringed --- p.221 === Chapter 9.5.3 --- Lack of Strong Demand for Immediate Democratization --- p.221 === Chapter 9.5.4 --- Articulation of Public Opinion --- p.223 === Chapter 9.6 --- Research Limitations --- p.223 === Chapter 9.7 --- Suggestions for Further Researches --- p.225 === Chapter 9.8 --- Conclusion --- p.227 === Appendix --- p.229 === Appendix I Immigrate to Canada: Immigrating to Canada as a Skilled Worker --- p.229 === Appendix II Immigrate to Australia: General skilled migration program --- p.235 === Appendix III Immigrate to United States of America: Apply for Immigrant Status Based on Employment --- p.239 === Appendix IV Interview Schedule (Abridged) --- p.244 === Appendix V Demographic Information of Interviewees --- p.247 === Bibliography --- p.248