Bioremediation of roadside pollutants NO₂ and benzene by integrating angiosperm Wedelia trilobata and spent compost of basidiomycete Pleurotus pulmonarius.

• Other Authors: Lee, Ching Yuen.
• Format: Others
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: 2011
• Subjects: Bioremediation; Air quality management; Angiosperms; Basidiomycetes; Motor vehicles > Motors > Exhaust gas > Environmental aspects
• Online Access: http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894504; http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-327078

Lee, Ching Yuen. === Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. === Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-288). === Abstracts in English and Chinese. === List of Figures --- p.vii === List of Tables --- p.xv === List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used --- p.xix === Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1 --- Roadside Air Pollution Problem --- p.1 === Chapter 1.1.1 --- Nitrogen Dioxide --- p.9 === Chapter 1.1.2 --- Benzene --- p.12 === Chapter 1.1.3 --- Heat and Noise --- p.13 === Chapter 1.2 --- Treatment Methods for Removal of Ambient Air Pollutants --- p.15 === Chapter 1.2.1 --- Physical and Chemical Methods --- p.15 === Chapter 1.2.2 --- Bioremediation --- p.17 === Chapter 1.2.3 --- Passive System and Active System --- p.18 === Chapter 1.3 --- Research Strategy --- p.18 === Chapter 1.3.1 --- Plant as a Bioremediating Agent --- p.18 === Chapter 1.3.2 --- Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) as a Bioremediating Agent --- p.20 === Chapter 1.3.3 --- An Integrated System for Air Bioremediation --- p.24 === Chapter 1.3.4 --- Aim and Objectives of the Project --- p.24 === Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of the Project --- p.25 === Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.26 === Chapter 2.1 --- Source of Materials --- p.28 === Chapter 2.1.1 --- Ingredients of Plant Growth Substrate --- p.28 === Chapter 2.1.2 --- Plants --- p.30 === Chapter 2.2 --- Formulation of the Plant Substrate --- p.31 === Chapter 2.2.1 --- Water Holding Capacity --- p.31 === Chapter 2.2.2 --- Water Retention --- p.32 === Chapter 2.2.3 --- Seed Germination Toxicity and Tissue Elongation --- p.33 === Chapter 2.2.4 --- Bulk Density and Porosity --- p.34 === Chapter 2.2.5 --- Substrate Shrinkage --- p.35 === Chapter 2.3 --- Characterization of the Materials --- p.36 === Chapter 2.3.1 --- pH --- p.36 === Chapter 2.3.2 --- Electrical Conductivity --- p.36 === Chapter 2.3.3 --- % Organic Matter --- p.37 === Chapter 2.3.4 --- "Nutrient Contents (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron)" --- p.37 === Chapter 2.3.5 --- Total Organic Carbon --- p.40 === Chapter 2.3.6 --- Detection for Heavy Metal Contaminants --- p.40 === Chapter 2.3.7 --- Detection for Organic Contaminants --- p.41 === Chapter 2.3.8 --- Extraction Efficiency of Heavy Metal Content and Organic Contaminants --- p.43 === Chapter 2.3.9 --- Outdoor Growing Trial of the Bioremediation System using Various Plant Species --- p.45 === Chapter 2.4 --- Characterization of the Plant --- p.47 === Chapter 2.4.1 --- Leaf Area Estimation --- p.47 === Chapter 2.4.2 --- Density of Plantlet --- p.48 === Chapter 2.4.3 --- Growth Rate of Plantlet in Water --- p.49 === Chapter 2.5 --- Temperature Stabilization Test --- p.50 === Chapter 2.6 --- NO2 Removal Test --- p.52 === Chapter 2.6.1 --- Preparation of Plantlets --- p.52 === Chapter 2.6.2 --- Generation and Sampling of NO2 --- p.52 === Chapter 2.6.3 --- Effect of N02 Concentration on RE --- p.55 === Chapter 2.6.4 --- Effect of Various Combinations in the Bioremediation System --- p.56 === Chapter 2.6.5 --- "Comparison to Photocatalytic Paint, Physical Sorbents and Other Planting Media" --- p.57 === Chapter 2.6.6 --- Effect of Temperature --- p.60 === Chapter 2.6.7 --- Effect of Retention Time --- p.61 === Chapter 2.6.8 --- Effect of Exposed Time --- p.61 === Chapter 2.6.9 --- Composition Analysis --- p.62 === Chapter 2.6.10 --- Post Tests after N02 Removal Test --- p.63 === Chapter 2.6.11 --- Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Contents --- p.63 === Chapter 2.6.12 --- Phenolic Content --- p.64 === Chapter 2.6.13 --- Total Microbial Count --- p.65 === Chapter 2.6.14 --- Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes --- p.66 === Chapter 2.6.15 --- Nitrite Oxidizing Enzyme --- p.68 === Chapter 2.7 --- Benzene Removal Test --- p.69 === Chapter 2.7.1 --- Preparation of Plantlets --- p.69 === Chapter 2.7.2 --- Generation and Sampling of Benzene --- p.69 === Chapter 2.7.3 --- Effect of Benzene Concentration on RE --- p.74 === Chapter 2.7.4 --- Effect of Various Combinations in the Bioremediation System --- p.75 === Chapter 2.7.5 --- Effect of Temperature --- p.76 === Chapter 2.7.6 --- Effect of Exposed Time --- p.77 === Chapter 2.7.7 --- Effect of Retention Time --- p.78 === Chapter 2.7.8 --- Composition Analysis --- p.78 === Chapter 2.7.9 --- "Comparison to Physical Sorbents, Photocatalytic Paint and Other Planting Media" --- p.79 === Chapter 2.7.10 --- Trials in Order to Increase RE of Benzene --- p.80 === Chapter 2.7.11 --- Residual Benzene in Substrate --- p.83 === Chapter 2.7.12 --- Post Tests after Benzene Removal Test --- p.84 === Chapter 2.7.13 --- Catechol Oxidase Activity --- p.85 === Chapter 2.8 --- Removal Tests for Other Air Pollutants --- p.86 === Chapter 2.9 --- Field Study --- p.88 === Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.98 === Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.99 === Chapter 3.1 --- Formulation of Plant Substrate --- p.99 === Chapter 3.1.1 --- Dose of SMC in Substrate Formula --- p.99 === Chapter 3.1.2 --- Dose of SAP in Substrate Formula --- p.105 === Chapter 3.1.3 --- Dose of Rice Hull in Substrate Formula --- p.111 === Chapter 3.2 --- Characterization of the Optimized Wedelia- growing Substrate --- p.118 === Chapter 3.2.1 --- Physical and Chemical Analysis --- p.118 === Chapter 3.2.2 --- Nutrient and Metal Contents --- p.120 === Chapter 3.2.3 --- Detection of Heavy Metal Contaminants --- p.124 === Chapter 3.2.4 --- Detection for Organic Contaminants --- p.126 === Chapter 3.3 --- Outdoor Growing Trial of Various Plants --- p.138 === Chapter 3.4 --- Plant Characterization --- p.143 === Chapter 3.4.1 --- Growth Rate of Plantlets in Water --- p.143 === Chapter 3.5 --- Temperature Stabilization Test --- p.146 === Chapter 3.6 --- NO2 Removal Test --- p.149 === Chapter 3.6.1 --- Effect of NO2 Concentration on RE --- p.149 === Chapter 3.6.2 --- Effect of Various Combinations in the Bioremediation System --- p.156 === Chapter 3.6.3 --- "Comparison to Photocatalytic Paint, Physical Sorbents and Other Planting Media" --- p.160 === Chapter 3.6.4 --- Effect of Temperature --- p.164 === Chapter 3.6.5 --- Effect of Retention Time --- p.166 === Chapter 3.6.6 --- Effect of Exposed Time --- p.168 === Chapter 3.6.7 --- Post Test Results After Various Exposed Times --- p.170 === Chapter 3.6.8 --- Microbial Count After Various Exposed Times --- p.176 === Chapter 3.6.9 --- Contribution of the Components of the Bioremediation System to Remove NO2 --- p.178 === Chapter 3.7 --- Benzene Removal Test --- p.183 === Chapter 3.7.1 --- Effect of Benzene Concentration on RE --- p.183 === Chapter 3.7.2 --- Effect of Various Combinations in the Bioremediation System --- p.186 === Chapter 3.7.3 --- Effect of Temperature --- p.190 === Chapter 3.7.4 --- Effect of Retention Time --- p.192 === Chapter 3.7.5 --- Effect of Exposed Time --- p.194 === Chapter 3.7.6 --- Contribution of Components of the Bioremediation System to Remove Benzene --- p.198 === Chapter 3.7.7 --- Optimization of the Benzene Removal of the Bioremediation System --- p.200 === Chapter 3.7.8 --- "Comparison to Photocatalytic Paint Coatings, Physical Sorbents and Other Planting Media" --- p.204 === Chapter 3.8 --- Removal Test for Other Air Pollutants --- p.208 === Chapter 3.9 --- Field Study I --- p.210 === Chapter 3.9.1 --- Environmental Parameters --- p.210 === Chapter 3.9.2 --- Noise --- p.212 === Chapter 3.9.3 --- Removal versus Distance --- p.213 === Chapter 3.9.4 --- Barrier Effect by Canvas --- p.216 === Chapter 3.9.5 --- NO2 Concentration --- p.216 === Chapter 3.9.6 --- VOC Concentration --- p.218 === Chapter 3.10 --- Field Study II --- p.220 === Chapter 3.10.1 --- Environmental Parameters --- p.220 === Chapter 3.10.2 --- Noise --- p.222 === Chapter 3.10.3 --- NO2 Concentration --- p.224 === Chapter 3.10.4 --- VOC Concentration --- p.225 === Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.228 === Chapter 4.1 --- Formulation of a Plant-growing Substrate --- p.228 === Chapter 4.2 --- Temperature Stabilization --- p.231 === Chapter 4.3 --- Dynamic Flow Through System in Pollutant Removal Experiment --- p.233 === Chapter 4.4 --- N02 Removal Test --- p.237 === Chapter 4.4.1 --- Limiting Factors of NO2 Removal --- p.237 === Chapter 4.4.2 --- Adsorption Isotherm --- p.239 === Chapter 4.4.3 --- Contribution of NO2 Removal by Various Components --- p.241 === Chapter 4.4.4 --- Comparison of NO2 Removal with Other Systems --- p.242 === Chapter 4.4.5 --- Comparison of NO2 Removal with Other Studies --- p.246 === Chapter 4.4.6 --- Toxicity of NO2 towards the Bioremediation System --- p.247 === Chapter 4.5 --- Interpretation of Results in Benzene Removal Test --- p.251 === Chapter 4.5.1 --- Limiting Factors of Benzene Removal --- p.251 === Chapter 4.5.2 --- Adsorption Isotherm --- p.253 === Chapter 4.5.3 --- Contribution of Benzene Removal by Various Components --- p.254 === Chapter 4.5.4 --- Comparison of Benzene Removal with Other Systems --- p.255 === Chapter 4.5.5 --- Trials in Order to Increase RE of Benzene --- p.256 === Chapter 4.5.6. --- Comparison of Benzene Removal with Other Studies --- p.258 === Chapter 4.6 --- Removal of Other Air Pollutants --- p.261 === Chapter 4.7 --- Field Studies with the Vertical Panels of the Bioremediation System --- p.264 === Chapter 4.7.1 --- Barrier Effect by Canvas --- p.264 === Chapter 4.7.2 --- Temperature Buffering --- p.265 === Chapter 4.7.3 --- Sound Attenuation --- p.266 === Chapter 4.7.4 --- NO2 and VOC Removal --- p.268 === Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.272 === Chapter 6. --- Further Investigation --- p.274 === Chapter 7. --- References --- p.275