The quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in Texas

Field studies of the blackmargined aphid, Monellia caryella (Fitch), were conducted on three cultivars, 'Cheyenne', 'Kiowa', and 'Pawnee', of pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Koch). Aphid density and natural enemy (lacewings, ladybird beetles, and spiders) densities were det...

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Main Author: Honaker, Jessica Marie
Other Authors: Harris, Marvin
Format: Others
Language:en_US
Published: Texas A&M University 2008
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85836
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spelling ndltd-tamu.edu-oai-repository.tamu.edu-1969.1-858362013-01-08T10:38:59ZThe quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in TexasHonaker, Jessica MariePecanBlackmargined AphidEnergyHoneydewField studies of the blackmargined aphid, Monellia caryella (Fitch), were conducted on three cultivars, 'Cheyenne', 'Kiowa', and 'Pawnee', of pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Koch). Aphid density and natural enemy (lacewings, ladybird beetles, and spiders) densities were determined biweekly by direct inspection of 160 leaves per variety during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. Honeydew deposition was measured biweekly using water sensitive cards. Aphid phenologies were similar among cultivars; however, 'Cheyenne' supported higher densities of aphids than either 'Kiowa' or 'Pawnee'. Honeydew production correlated positively with aphid density. Honeydew produced per aphid differed only between 'Cheyenne' and 'Pawnee' in 2006; natural enemies per aphid varied in significance during both seasons. Natural enemy densities increased during initial stages of outbreak on all cultivars in 2006. The asymptote reached on 'Cheyenne' had a lower natural enemy to aphid ratio than that on the other cultivars, indicating that the functional response of natural enemies to increased aphid densities was exhausted sooner on 'Cheyenne than on other cultivars'. Honeydew appears to be an attractant for natural enemies and cost-benefit calculations were made to quantify the loss of photosynthates to aphids for each cultivar versus the gain in natural enemies that occurred. 'Cheyenne' was the least efficient of the three cultivars in the utilization of this defense mechanism. The energy drain per hectare attributable by adult aphid feeding was, 761,197 - 900,312kcal, 266,397 - 237,709kcal, and 138,790 - 134,223kcal for 'Cheyenne' , 'Kiowa', and 'Pawnee', respectively. Calculated nut-loss equivalents were 14 - 16kg for 'Cheyenne', 4 - 5kg for 'Kiowa', and 2kg for 'Pawnee'.Texas A&M UniversityHarris, Marvin2008-10-10T20:52:18Z2008-10-10T20:52:18Z2007-122008-10-10T20:52:18ZBookThesisElectronic Thesistextelectronicborn digitalhttp://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85836en_US
collection NDLTD
language en_US
format Others
sources NDLTD
topic Pecan
Blackmargined Aphid
Energy
Honeydew
spellingShingle Pecan
Blackmargined Aphid
Energy
Honeydew
Honaker, Jessica Marie
The quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in Texas
description Field studies of the blackmargined aphid, Monellia caryella (Fitch), were conducted on three cultivars, 'Cheyenne', 'Kiowa', and 'Pawnee', of pecan, Carya illinoinensis (Koch). Aphid density and natural enemy (lacewings, ladybird beetles, and spiders) densities were determined biweekly by direct inspection of 160 leaves per variety during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. Honeydew deposition was measured biweekly using water sensitive cards. Aphid phenologies were similar among cultivars; however, 'Cheyenne' supported higher densities of aphids than either 'Kiowa' or 'Pawnee'. Honeydew production correlated positively with aphid density. Honeydew produced per aphid differed only between 'Cheyenne' and 'Pawnee' in 2006; natural enemies per aphid varied in significance during both seasons. Natural enemy densities increased during initial stages of outbreak on all cultivars in 2006. The asymptote reached on 'Cheyenne' had a lower natural enemy to aphid ratio than that on the other cultivars, indicating that the functional response of natural enemies to increased aphid densities was exhausted sooner on 'Cheyenne than on other cultivars'. Honeydew appears to be an attractant for natural enemies and cost-benefit calculations were made to quantify the loss of photosynthates to aphids for each cultivar versus the gain in natural enemies that occurred. 'Cheyenne' was the least efficient of the three cultivars in the utilization of this defense mechanism. The energy drain per hectare attributable by adult aphid feeding was, 761,197 - 900,312kcal, 266,397 - 237,709kcal, and 138,790 - 134,223kcal for 'Cheyenne' , 'Kiowa', and 'Pawnee', respectively. Calculated nut-loss equivalents were 14 - 16kg for 'Cheyenne', 4 - 5kg for 'Kiowa', and 2kg for 'Pawnee'.
author2 Harris, Marvin
author_facet Harris, Marvin
Honaker, Jessica Marie
author Honaker, Jessica Marie
author_sort Honaker, Jessica Marie
title The quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in Texas
title_short The quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in Texas
title_full The quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in Texas
title_fullStr The quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in Texas
title_full_unstemmed The quantification of blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Koch)) in Texas
title_sort quantification of blackmargined aphid (monellia caryella (fitch)) honeydew production in pecan (carya illinoinensis (koch)) in texas
publisher Texas A&M University
publishDate 2008
url http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85836
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