Maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model
This study investigated the effect of chronic alcohol exposure on the responses of the maternal hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and thyroid hormones throughout gestation using an ovine model. Maternal plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol and the thyroid hormones T3, free T4 and tot...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Other Authors: | |
Format: | Others |
Language: | en_US |
Published: |
2010
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2608 http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2608 |
id |
ndltd-tamu.edu-oai-repository.tamu.edu-1969.1-ETD-TAMU-2608 |
---|---|
record_format |
oai_dc |
spelling |
ndltd-tamu.edu-oai-repository.tamu.edu-1969.1-ETD-TAMU-26082013-01-08T10:39:45ZMaternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine modelTress, Ursulafetal alcohol syndromeprenatalbirth defectsACTHcortisolthyroid hormonesThis study investigated the effect of chronic alcohol exposure on the responses of the maternal hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and thyroid hormones throughout gestation using an ovine model. Maternal plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol and the thyroid hormones T3, free T4 and total T4 were determined in response to infusion of 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 g/kg alcohol. Maternal endocrine responses to alcohol administration have been investigated before in rodent models. However, this is the first study using a large animal model (sheep), in which all three human trimester equivalents occur in utero. Different concentrations of alcohol were administered intermittently from gestational day 4 to 132 in a pattern that modeled human binge drinking during pregnancy. Maternal blood samples were collected on specific days (GD 6, 40, 90, 132) and at multiple time-points (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 6, 24 hours) and were analyzed to determine blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and ACTH, cortisol, free T4, total T4 and T3 plasma concentrations. Alcohol readily permeates the placenta and can directly affect fetal cells and tissues. Alcohol also causes endocrine imbalances in the mother and interferes with maternal-fetal hormonal interactions and the mother’s ability to maintain a healthy pregnancy, thus also indirectly affecting fetal development. Sheep receiving either 0.75, 1.25 or 1.75 g/kg alcohol achieved peak BAC values of 93 + 5, 126 + 5 and 183 + 5 respectively. Alcohol exposure resulted in increased plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations peaking at 2 hours after beginning of the infusion and returning to baseline values at 6 hours after beginning of the infusion. There was no effect of alcohol on any of the plasma thyroid hormone concentrations. Thyroid hormone concentrations changed as a result of progressing pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of total T4 and free T4 were higher on gestational days 6 and 40 compared to GDs 90 and 132, and plasma T3 concentrations were highest on GD 6. The results of this study show that alcohol stimulates the HPA-axis in a dose dependent fashion in pregnant sheep. The response of the HPA-axis to repeated alcohol exposure throughout gestation remained unchanged. Alcohol exposure did not affect the release of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormone concentrations changed during pregnancy in sheep in a manner similar to changes observed in pregnant women.Cudd, Timothy A.2010-01-15T00:12:28Z2010-01-16T00:44:33Z2010-01-15T00:12:28Z2010-01-16T00:44:33Z2007-122009-05-15BookThesisElectronic Thesistextelectronicapplication/pdfborn digitalhttp://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2608http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2608en_US |
collection |
NDLTD |
language |
en_US |
format |
Others
|
sources |
NDLTD |
topic |
fetal alcohol syndrome prenatal birth defects ACTH cortisol thyroid hormones |
spellingShingle |
fetal alcohol syndrome prenatal birth defects ACTH cortisol thyroid hormones Tress, Ursula Maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model |
description |
This study investigated the effect of chronic alcohol exposure on the responses of
the maternal hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and thyroid hormones
throughout gestation using an ovine model. Maternal plasma concentrations of ACTH,
cortisol and the thyroid hormones T3, free T4 and total T4 were determined in response to
infusion of 0.75, 1.25 and 1.75 g/kg alcohol.
Maternal endocrine responses to alcohol administration have been investigated
before in rodent models. However, this is the first study using a large animal model
(sheep), in which all three human trimester equivalents occur in utero. Different
concentrations of alcohol were administered intermittently from gestational day 4 to 132
in a pattern that modeled human binge drinking during pregnancy. Maternal blood
samples were collected on specific days (GD 6, 40, 90, 132) and at multiple time-points
(0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 6, 24 hours) and were analyzed to determine blood alcohol
concentrations (BACs) and ACTH, cortisol, free T4, total T4 and T3 plasma
concentrations. Alcohol readily permeates the placenta and can directly affect fetal cells and
tissues. Alcohol also causes endocrine imbalances in the mother and interferes with
maternal-fetal hormonal interactions and the mother’s ability to maintain a healthy
pregnancy, thus also indirectly affecting fetal development. Sheep receiving either 0.75,
1.25 or 1.75 g/kg alcohol achieved peak BAC values of 93 + 5, 126 + 5 and 183 + 5
respectively. Alcohol exposure resulted in increased plasma ACTH and cortisol
concentrations peaking at 2 hours after beginning of the infusion and returning to
baseline values at 6 hours after beginning of the infusion. There was no effect of alcohol
on any of the plasma thyroid hormone concentrations. Thyroid hormone concentrations
changed as a result of progressing pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of total T4 and free
T4 were higher on gestational days 6 and 40 compared to GDs 90 and 132, and plasma T3
concentrations were highest on GD 6.
The results of this study show that alcohol stimulates the HPA-axis in a dose
dependent fashion in pregnant sheep. The response of the HPA-axis to repeated alcohol
exposure throughout gestation remained unchanged. Alcohol exposure did not affect the
release of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormone concentrations changed during pregnancy
in sheep in a manner similar to changes observed in pregnant women. |
author2 |
Cudd, Timothy A. |
author_facet |
Cudd, Timothy A. Tress, Ursula |
author |
Tress, Ursula |
author_sort |
Tress, Ursula |
title |
Maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model |
title_short |
Maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model |
title_full |
Maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model |
title_fullStr |
Maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model |
title_sort |
maternal adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and thyroid hormone responses to chronic binge alcohol exposure throughout gestation: ovine model |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2608 http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2608 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT tressursula maternaladrenocorticotropincortisolandthyroidhormoneresponsestochronicbingealcoholexposurethroughoutgestationovinemodel |
_version_ |
1716504063119458304 |