The balance between Bayesian inference and default mode determines the generation of tinnitus from decreased auditory input: A volume entropy-based study

• Main Authors: De Ridder, D. (Author), Hong, S. (Author), Koo, J.-W (Author), Lee, S.-Y (Author), Lim, S. (Author), Park, J. (Author), Song, J.-J (Author), Vanneste, S. (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley and Sons Inc 2021
• Subjects: adult; aged; Aged; anterior cingulate; Article; auditory memory; auditory stimulation; Bayes theorem; Bayes Theorem; Bayesian; Bayesian network; brain cortex; Cerebral Cortex; connectome; Connectome; controlled study; deafferentation; default mode; default mode network; Default Mode Network; electroencephalography; Electroencephalography; entropy; Entropy; female; Female; hearing; hearing impairment; human; Humans; major clinical study; male; Male; memory; memory consolidation; middle aged; Middle Aged; middle temporal gyrus; nerve cell network; Nerve Net; pathophysiology; phantom pain; posterior cingulate; procedures; quantitative analysis; right hippocampus; tinnitus; Tinnitus; ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 Along with phantom pain, tinnitus, a phantom auditory perception occurring in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus, is one of the most representative phantom perceptions that develops in subjects with decreased peripheral sensory input. Although tinnitus is closely associated with peripheral hearing loss (HL), it remains unclear why only some individuals with HL develop tinnitus. In this study, we investigated the differences between 65 HL with tinnitus (HL-T) and 104 HL with no tinnitus (HL-NT) using a resting-state electroencephalography data-based volume entropy model of the brain network, by comparing the afferent node capacities, that quantify the contribution of each node to the spread of information, of all Brodmann areas. While the HL-T group showed increased information flow in areas involved in Bayesian inference (the left orbitofrontal cortex, the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) and auditory memory storage (the right hippocampus/parahippocampus), the HL-NT group showed increased afferent node capacity in hub areas of the default mode network (DMN; the right posterior cingulate cortex and the right medial temporal gyrus). These results suggest that the balance of activity between the Bayesian inferential network (updating missing auditory information by retrieving auditory memories from the hippocampus/parahippocampus) and DMN (maintaining the “silent status quo”) determines whether phantom auditory perception occurs in a brain with decreased peripheral auditory input. © 2021 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.