| Summary: | The aim of this paper is to develop a system-level dynamic indicator for testing the long-term effectiveness of planned projects in a system. The indicator developed in this paper is a system dynamics model, which adds a dynamic component to the static structure of the flow matrix of Ecological Network Analysis (ENA). It offers the capability to tailor the model to the condition of individual systems. The paper creates a resilient energy-flow structure for Cone Spring Watershed and uses the table of results formulated in the article “Ecology-related resilience in urban planning – a complex approach for Pécs” (Kiss and Kiss, 2018), in which a method based on ENA was developed which helps with the creation of a resilient and sustainable system. A general system dynamics model – adding dynamics to an arbitrary static resilient structure - is developed first. The practical use of this dynamic indicator is demonstrated by means of an ecological example (Cone Spring Watershed) and a non-ecological example (the resilient and sustainable city strategy of Pécs, Hungary). The model is able to test the long-term effectiveness of the planned investment strategies and allocates the investment budget accordingly. © 2021 The Authors
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