Exploring molecular mechanism of bone-forming capacity of Eurycoma longifolia: Evidence of enhanced expression of bone-related biomarkers

• Main Authors: Hussain, Z. (Author), Mohamed, I.N (Author), Shuid, A.N (Author), Thu, H.E (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V. 2018
• Subjects: alkaline phosphatase; androgen receptor; animal cell; Article; biological marker; Bone formation; bone morphogenetic protein; bone morphogenetic protein 2; cell differentiation; cell growth; cell structure; cell viability; collagen synthesis; collagen type 1; comparative study; controlled study; enzyme activity; Eurycoma; Eurycoma longifolia; in vitro study; MC3T3-E1 cell line; mineralization; Molecular mechanism; mouse; nonhuman; osteoblast; osteocalcin; osteopontin; osteoporosis; Osteoporosis; phase contrast microscopy; priority journal; testosterone; transcription factor RUNX2; transforming growth factor beta1; upregulation
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher; View in Scopus
• ISBN: 09759476 (ISSN)
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.04.005

Background: Among the numerous well-documented medicinal herbs, Eurycoma longifolia (EL) has gained remarkable recognition due to its promising efficacy of stimulating bone formation in androgen-deficient osteoporosis. Though numerous animal studies have explored the bone-forming capacity of EL, the exact mechanism was yet to be explored. Objective(s): The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of bone-forming capacity of EL using MC3T3-E1 as an in vitro osteoblastic model. Materials and methods: The cell differentiation capacity of EL was investigated by evaluating cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen deposition and mineralization. Taken together, time-mannered expression of bone-related mediators which include bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), ALP, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (OCN), type I collagen, osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and androgen receptor (AR) were measured to comprehend bone-forming mechanism of EL. Results: Results demonstrated a superior cell differentiation efficacy of EL (particularly at a dose of 25 μg/mL) that was evidenced by dramatically increased cell growth, higher ALP activity, collagen deposition and mineralization compared to the testosterone. Results analysis of the bone-related protein biomarkers indicated that the expression of these mediators was well-regulated in EL-treated cell cultures compared to the control groups. These findings revealed potential molecular mechanism of EL for the prevention and treatment of male osteoporosis. Conclusion: The resulting data suggested that EL exhibited superior efficacy in stimulating bone formation via up-regulating the expression of various mitogenic proteins and thus can be considered as a potential natural alternative therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation