Single-session label training alters neural competition between objects and faces.

• Main Authors: Boylan, M.R (Author), Keil, A. (Author), Kutlu, E. (Author), Rocha, H.A (Author), Scott, L.S (Author), Silva, G. (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: American Psychological Association 2021
• Subjects: attention; Attention; categorization; electroencephalography (EEG); Evoked Potentials, Visual; human; Humans; learning; Learning; Photic Stimulation; photostimulation; steady state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs); vision; visual evoked potential; Visual Perception; visuocortical processing
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 The extent to which visuocortical processing is altered when observers learn to categorize novel visual stimuli via labeling is not well understood. The present investigation used steady state visual evoked potential (ssVEP) frequency tagging to test the hypothesis that learning to categorize novel objects via labeling prompts a competitive advantage over concurrently presented stimuli. In the learning (label-training) phase, participants (n = 24) categorized objects according to two different species labels and faces according to gender. A control group (n = 26) viewed the same stimuli without label learning. Before and after learning, faces and objects were superimposed and viewed concurrently while periodically turned on and off at unique temporal rates (5/s or 6/s). The spectral power of the ssVEP at each frequency was projected to an L2 (minimum) norm estimated source space, and competition between faces and objects was compared using permutation-controlled mass univariate t tests. Results showed that, only in the training group, learning to label novel objects led to a competitive advantage over faces across a network of occipito-temporal and fronto-parietal cortical regions. These changes were more pronounced in participants showing more improvement across the label learning phase. Together, the findings support the notion that learning to label novel object categories affects neural competition though recurrent neural interactions in regions commonly associated with visual perception and selective attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement: The present study demonstrates that learning to categorize novel visual stimuli via labeling amplifies the visual representation of the novel stimuli. This neural amplification competes with neural processing of existing categories (in this case, male and female faces) in visual cortex and in frontoparietal networks that are often linked to selective attention. These changes were greater in participants who showed more evidence of learning. The findings suggest that visuocortical selection is affected by learning labels, supporting theoretical notions that emphasize an active role of sensory cortex in higher order cognition. They also highlight the potential usefulness of indices of neural competition in studies of education, training, and in interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2021 American Psychological Association