| Summary: | Background: Characteristics of the implant surface may benefit osseointegration, and the knowledge of this process in diverse clinical situations may play a role in implant dentistry practice. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the stability of dental implants with different types of surface treatment. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five implants were placed in the mandibles of 11 fully edentulous patients. Group 1 (G1) consisted of 27 implants with a hydrophilic surface. Group 2 (G2) consisted of 28 implants (double sandblasting and acid etching). Implants were distributed randomly; equal surfaces were not placed contiguously. Measurements were taken after surgery (baseline) and 10, 30, 60, and 90 days, 4 and 8 months after surgery. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was used for determining the stability. Results: No statistically significant differences were found. The largest difference in implant stability quotient (ISQ) between groups occurred at the first evaluation (ISQ z 69.8 in G1 and z 68.4 in G2). Reductions in stability were more accentuated in the first month, returning to values similar to baseline in the subsequent months, with peak stability reached at 8 months (ISQ z 69.8 in G1 and z 69.8 in G2). Conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found in the stability of the implants placed in edentulous mandibular arch, submitted to immediate loading analyzed using RFA. (Implant Dent 2018;27:282–287). Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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