The effect of autonomous and controlled motivation on self-control performance and the acute cortisol response

• Main Authors: Bishop, N.C (Author), Steel, R.P (Author), Taylor, I.M (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley and Sons Inc 2021
• Subjects: adult; Adult; autonomic nervous system; Autonomic Nervous System; controlled study; ego-depletion; female; Female; human; Humans; hydrocortisone; Hydrocortisone; male; Male; metabolism; motivation; Motivation; organismic integration theory; physiology; psychomotor performance; Psychomotor Performance; randomized controlled trial; self control; Self-Control; self-determination theory; self-regulation; single blind procedure; Single-Blind Method; stress; young adult; Young Adult
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 Autonomously regulated self-control typically does not reduce over time as much, compared with self-control underpinned by controlled motivation. The proposed study tested whether an acute stress response is implicated in this process. Utilizing a framework grounded in self-determination theory, this study examined whether participants' motivational regulation would influence repeated self-control performance and acute stress levels, measured by the stress hormone cortisol. A single-blind randomized experimental design incorporating two motivational conditions (autonomous regulation and controlled regulation) tested these hypotheses. Participants (female = 28; male = 11; Mage = 22.33) performed three sequential self-control tasks; a modified Stroop task followed by two “wall sit” postural persistence tasks. Salivary cortisol was measured at baseline and after each of the wall sits. A repeated measures ANCOVA unexpectedly revealed that participants in the controlled regulation condition recorded greater wall sit performance in the first and second wall sits, compared with the autonomous condition. A repeated measures ANCOVA also revealed a significant quadratic interaction for cortisol. Controlled regulation was associated with an increase, and autonomous regulation condition a decrease, in cortisol that subsided at timepoint two. Results imply autonomous motivation facilitates an adaptive stress response. Performance on the self-control tasks was contrary to expectations, but may reflect short-term performance benefits of controlled motivation. © 2021 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research