Acoustic voice variation within and between speakers

• Main Authors: Keating, P. (Author), Kreiman, J. (Author), Lee, Y. (Author)
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Acoustical Society of America 2019
• Subjects: Acoustic structures; Acoustic variables; Acoustics; adult; Adult; article; biological variation; Biological Variation, Individual; Biological Variation, Population; cognitive model; expectation; female; Female; Formant frequency; human; Humans; male; Male; perception; Perception and recognition; phonetics; Phonetics; physiology; principal component analysis; Principal component analysis; Psychoacoustic model; psychoacoustics; Psychoacoustics; Speaker recognition; Speaker variability; speech; Speech Acoustics; Speech recognition; voice; Voice; Voice variations; vowel
• Online Access: View Fulltext in Publisher

 Little is known about the nature or extent of everyday variability in voice quality. This paper describes a series of principal component analyses to explore within- A nd between-talker acoustic variation and the extent to which they conform to expectations derived from current models of voice perception. Based on studies of faces and cognitive models of speaker recognition, the authors hypothesized that a few measures would be important across speakers, but that much of within-speaker variability would be idiosyncratic. Analyses used multiple sentence productions from 50 female and 50 male speakers of English, recorded over three days. Twenty-six acoustic variables from a psychoacoustic model of voice quality were measured every 5 ms on vowels and approximants. Across speakers the balance between higher harmonic amplitudes and inharmonic energy in the voice accounted for the most variance (females = 20%, males = 22%). Formant frequencies and their variability accounted for an additional 12% of variance across speakers. Remaining variance appeared largely idiosyncratic, suggesting that the speaker-specific voice space is different for different people. Results further showed that voice spaces for individuals and for the population of talkers have very similar acoustic structures. Implications for prototype models of voice perception and recognition are discussed. © 2019 Acoustical Society of America.