| Summary: | Oil pollution, both in terms of scale and toxicity, is a general planetary danger. Oil and petroleum products cause poisoning, death of organisms and soil degradation. Natural self-purification of natural objects from oil pollution is a long process, especially in conditions where a low temperature regime persists for a long time. The solution of the cleaning problem the soil cover from oil pollution, the development of new and improvement of existing technologies for the restoration of oil-contaminated lands is among the priorities. Diatomites are organic sedimentary rocks, the basis of which are the remains and fragments of unicellular diatomite algae. Many of their deposits are widely represented in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, China, the USA, Canada and other countries. In the methods of acid, alkaline and salt treatment, the process is aimed at weakening the microstructure of the sorbent, increasing porosity and specific surface layer. At the same time, chemical treatment contributes to a change in the features of the crystal structure, an increase in ion-exchange properties in accordance with the change in the composition of variable cations and the appearance of new active centers. Development of an invention for cleaning oil sludge and smeared soil without using a large volume of scarce fertilizer, replacing it with other plant organic residues, reduce the consumption of materials for cleaning, reduce the cost and accelerate it. © 2022, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All rights reserved.
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