Acid activation Adsorption 1 Aluminum 1 Chemical activation 1 Chemical shift 1 Clay minerals 1 Electro-kinetic 1 Electrodynamics 1 Electrokinetic behavior 1 Electrolytes 1 FTIR spectroscopy 1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 1 Heavy metal adsorption 1 Heavy metals 1 Magic angle spinning 1 Nuclear magnetic resonance 1 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1 Palygorskite 1 Palygorskites 1 Pollution 1 Surface properties 1 Thermal activation 1 Titration 1 Voltammetry 1 X ray diffraction 1 X-ray diffraction 1 adsorption 1 crystal structure 1 desorption 1 electrokinesis 1