Asphalt 3 Crumb rubber asphalt 2 Activated Rubber Particles 1 Amides 1 Article 1 Asphalt binders 1 Asphalt-binder 1 Binders 1 Bio-modification 1 Biomodification 1 Bond strength (chemical) 1 Carbon 1 Carbon-centered radicals 1 Chemical activation 1 Chemical modification 1 Crumb rubber-modified asphalt 1 Density functional theory 1 Density functional theory (DFT) 1 Desulfurization 1 Desulphurization 1 Desulphurization process 1 Environment 1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 1 Free radicals 1 Grafting (chemical) 1 Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes 1 Infrared spectroscopy 1 Mechano-chemical methods 1 Microwave irradiation 1