Heuristics algorithm Heuristic algorithms 8 Optimization 3 Autonomous vehicles 2 Condition 2 Convergence 2 Costs 2 Cuckoo search algorithms 2 Electric control equipment 2 Estimation 2 Global optimization 2 Hardware in loop 2 Hybrid CSA-PID 2 Hybrid cuckoo search algorithm-PID 2 Input-to-state stability 2 MPPT 2 Maximum power point trackers 2 Optimisations 2 PID controllers 2 Partial shading 2 Partial shading condition 2 Particle swarm optimization (PSO) 2 Photovoltaic arrays 2 Photovoltaic effects 2 Photovoltaic systems 2 Proportional control systems 2 Real time control 2 Solar cells 2 Three term control systems 2 hardware-in-loop 2