Rural poverty poverty 2 Asset transfers 1 Brazil 1 Employment 1 Ghana 1 Market assisted land reform 1 Programa Nacional de Crédito Fundiário 1 Rural household livelihoods 1 Urbanization 1 agricultural intensification 1 agricultural market 1 agricultural production 1 debt 1 employment 1 income 1 land market 1 land reform 1 landownership 1 livelihood 1 rural area 1 rural economy 1 spatial analysis 1 urbanization 1 welfare economics 1