Backward differentiation formulae 4 Ordinary differential equations 4 Stiff ordinary differential equations Numerical results 3 Computation time 2 Initial value problems 2 Numerical methods 2 Stability regions 2 Step size 2 Variable step 2 Variable step size 2 Algorithms 1 Approximate solution 1 Block methods 1 Computing solutions 1 Cultivation 1 Differentiation (calculus) 1 Efficient strategy 1 First order 1 Independent parameters 1 Maple software 1 Multiple choice 1 Numerical algorithms 1 Quantitative comparison 1 Research focus 1 Stiff initial value problems 1 Sustainable development 1 Test problem 1 Variable order 1 block backward differentiation formula 1