moose Alberta 1 Alces alces 1 Bayesian population model 1 CCM 1 Causal Decomposition 1 Granger causality 1 Michigan 1 NA-MEMD Causal Decomposition 1 article 1 attention 1 bivariate time series 1 camera trap 1 causality inference 1 density dependence 1 density estimation 1 effective detection distance 1 empirical mode decomposition 1 harvest management 1 hierarchical model 1 hunting 1 intrinsic mode function 1 multispecies monitoring 1 national park 1 noise 1 nonhuman 1 open source software 1 population monitoring 1 predation 1 predator 1