nonhuman 41 animal experiment 40 male 40 Article 39 controlled study 37 animal model 27 rat 25 animal tissue 23 Morris water maze test 21 Animals 19 animal 19 adult 18 mouse 18 Male 16 Rats 14 hippocampus 14 open field test 14 anxiety 13 elevated plus maze test 13 maze test 12 memory 12 spatial memory 12 animal behavior 11 Maze Learning 10 cognition 10 cognitive defect 10 female 10 metabolism 10 spatial learning 10 Hippocampus 9