Global optimization 17 Efficiency 4 Genetic algorithms 4 Solar cells 4 global optimization 4 Condition 3 MPPT 3 Maximum power point trackers 3 Partial shading 3 Particle swarm optimization (PSO) 3 Cuckoo search algorithms 2 Electric control equipment 2 Hardware in loop 2 Heuristics algorithm 2 Hybrid CSA-PID 2 Hybrid cuckoo search algorithm-PID 2 Learning algorithms 2 Optimisations 2 PID controllers 2 Partial shading condition 2 Photovoltaic arrays 2 Photovoltaic effects 2 Photovoltaic systems 2 Photovoltaics 2 Powder Diffraction 2 Proportional control systems 2 Real time control 2 Stochastic optimizations 2 Stochastic systems 2 Swarm intelligence 2