Defects Learning systems 3 Semantic Segmentation 3 Semantics 3 Convolutional neural networks 2 Deep learning 2 Image quality 2 Learning algorithms 2 Nondestructive examination 2 Segmentation methods 2 Semantic segmentation 2 3D printers 1 Additives 1 Automated defect recognition 1 Automatic defect identification and segmentation 1 Automation 1 Centralised 1 Contrast-to-noise ratio 1 Convolution 1 Convolutional neural network 1 Data privacy 1 Deep-learning non-destructive evaluation 1 Defect detection 1 Defect identification 1 Defect recognition 1 Detection and identifications 1 Digital X-ray radiography 1 E-learning 1 Federated learning 1 Fine-scale 1