Aged Aging Aging population Article Clinical assessments Cohort Studies Dementia Forecasting Humans Mini Mental State Examination Neurodegenerative diseases Neuroimaging Neuropsychological Neuropsychological Tests Nonlinear features Prediction tools Predictive performance Predictive values Risk Assessment Risk assessment Scalable approach Turing machines aged aging apolipoprotein E area under the curve clinical assessment cognition cohort analysis computer model