Deterministic methods Distribution of water Exploratory research High dimensionality Image fusion Image processing Image registration Intensity distribution Large dataset Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry imaging Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) Molecules Reproducibilities Reproducibility of Results Spectra processing Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization State-of-the-art methods Workflow denoising matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry modulo samples non-parametric regression nuclear magnetic resonance imaging phase unwrapping reproducibility workflow