Pancho Villa
![Pancho Villa on horseback {{circa|1908–1919}}](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/General_Francisco_Villa.jpg)
Civil war broke out when Carranza challenged Villa. Villa was decisively defeated by Constitutionalist general Álvaro Obregón in summer 1915, and the U.S. aided Carranza directly against Villa in the Second Battle of Agua Prieta in November 1915. Much of Villa's army left after his defeat on the battlefield and because of his lack of resources to buy arms and pay soldiers' salaries. Angered at the U.S. aid to Carranza, Villa conducted a raid on the border town of Columbus, New Mexico to goad the U.S. into invading Mexico in 1916. Despite a major contingent of soldiers and superior military technology, the U.S. failed to capture Villa. When Carranza was ousted from power in 1920, Villa negotiated an amnesty with interim President Adolfo de la Huerta and was given a landed estate, on the condition he retire from politics. Villa was assassinated in 1923. Although his faction did not prevail in the Revolution, he was one of its most charismatic and prominent figures.
In life, Villa helped fashion his own image as an internationally known revolutionary hero, starring as himself in Hollywood films and giving interviews to foreign journalists, most notably John Reed. After his death he was excluded from the pantheon of revolutionary heroes until the Sonoran generals Obregón and Calles, whom he battled during the Revolution, were gone from the political stage. Villa's exclusion from the official narrative of the Revolution might have contributed to his continued posthumous popular acclaim. He was celebrated during the Revolution and long afterward by ''corridos'', films about his life and novels by prominent writers. In 1976, his remains were reburied in the Monument to the Revolution in Mexico City in a huge public ceremony. Provided by Wikipedia
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4by Francisco Villa, Cherlly Sánchez, Marcela Vallejo, Juan S. Botero-Valencia, Edilson Delgado-TrejosGet full text
Published 2021-09-01
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7by Carlos A. Lasso, José Saulo Usma Oviedo, Francisco Villa, María Teresa Sierra-Quintero, Armando Ortega-Lara, Lina María Mesa, Miguel Alejandro Patiño, Oscar M. Lasso-Alcalá, Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt, Katiusca González-Oropeza, María P. Quiceno, Arnaldo Ferrer Pérez, Cesar Freddy SuárezGet full text
Published 2009-12-01
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8by Fernanda Mitchelly Vilas Boas, Luiz Eduardo Borges-da-Silva, Helcio Francisco Villa-Nova, Erik Leandro Bonaldi, Levy Ely Lacerda Oliveira, Germano Lambert-Torres, Frederico de Oliveira Assuncao, Claudio Inacio de Almeida Costa, Mateus Mendes Campos, Wilson Cesar Sant’Ana, Josue Lacerda, Jose Luiz Marques da Silva Junior, Edenio Gomes da SilvaGet full text
Published 2021-08-01
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9by Cunha, Marco Antonio RodriguesOther Authors: “...Nova, Helcio Francisco Villa...”
Published 2013
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