Haakon IV
![Haakon's seal, from a 1247/48 letter ([[Commons:File:Kong Haakon Haakonsson PI III 2.jpg|with reverse]]). The seal itself was given to Haakon as a gift from [[Henry III of England]] in 1236.<ref>Helle, 1995, p. 183.</ref>](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Kong_Haakon_Haakonsson_PI_III_1.jpg)
Under Haakon's rule, medieval Norway is considered to have reached its zenith or golden age. His reputation and formidable naval fleet allowed him to maintain friendships with both the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, despite their conflict. He was at different points offered the imperial crown by the pope, the High Kingship of Ireland by a delegation of Irish kings, and the command of the French crusader fleet by the French king. He amplified the influence of European culture in Norway by importing and translating contemporary European literature into Old Norse, and by constructing monumental European-style stone buildings. In conjunction with this he employed an active and aggressive foreign policy, and at the end of his rule added Iceland and the Norse Greenland community to his kingdom, leaving the Norwegian realm at its territorial height. Although he for the moment managed to secure Norwegian control of the islands off the northern and western shores of Scotland, plus the Isle of Man, he fell ill and died when wintering in Orkney following some military engagements with the expanding Kingdom of Scotland. Provided by Wikipedia
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3by Junyi Li, Xiucheng Yuan, Michael E. March, Xueming Yao, Yan Sun, Xiao Chang, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Qianghua Xia, Xinyi Meng, Jin LiGet full text
Published 2019-03-01
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4by Yichuan Liu, Xiao Chang, Joseph Glessner, Huiqi Qu, Lifeng Tian, Dong Li, Kenny Nguyen, Patrick M. A. Sleiman, Patrick M. A. Sleiman, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon HakonarsonGet full text
Published 2019-09-01
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6by Rahul Pandey, Marina Bakay, Heather S. Hain, Bryan Strenkowski, Anastasiya Yermakova, Jake A. Kushner, Jordan S. Orange, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon HakonarsonGet full text
Published 2019-02-01
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8by Xiao Chang, Leandro de Araujo Lima, Yichuan Liu, Jin Li, Jin Li, Qingqin Li, Patrick M. A. Sleiman, Patrick M. A. Sleiman, Patrick M. A. Sleiman, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon HakonarsonGet full text
Published 2018-09-01
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9by Xubo Huang, Xubo Huang, Joseph T. Glessner, Jinxia Huang, Jinxia Huang, Desheng Zhou, Desheng Zhou, Michael E. March, Hongna Wang, Hongna Wang, Qianghua Xia, Qianghua Xia, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Jin Li, Jin LiGet full text
Published 2021-08-01
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10by Yan Sun, Xueming Yao, Michael E. March, Xinyi Meng, Junyi Li, Zhi Wei, Patrick M.A. Sleiman, Patrick M.A. Sleiman, Patrick M.A. Sleiman, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon Hakonarson, Qianghua Xia, Jin LiGet full text
Published 2019-08-01
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17by Jie Zhang, Jie Zhang, Zhi Wei, Christopher J. Cardinale, Elena S. Gusareva, Kristel Van Steen, Kristel Van Steen, Patrick Sleiman, Patrick Sleiman, International IBD Genetics Consortium, Hakon Hakonarson, Hakon HakonarsonGet full text
Published 2019-04-01
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18by Xiaoyuan Hou, Huiqi Qu, Sipeng Zhang, Xiaohui Qi, Hakon Hakonarson, Qianghua Xia, Jin LiGet full text
Published 2020-10-01
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19by Shuzhang Yang, Kai Wang, Brittany Gregory, Wade Berrettini, Li-San Wang, Hakon Hakonarson, Maja BucanGet full text
Published 2009-01-01
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