Jiang Wan
Jiang Wan (died November or December 246),
courtesy name Gongyan, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent
of the state of
Shu during the
Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late
Eastern Han dynasty, Jiang Wan initially served as a scribe, county chief and
county prefect under the warlord
Liu Bei, who later became the founding emperor of Shu. After Liu Bei's son
Liu Shan succeeded his father as emperor in 223, Jiang Wan gradually rose to prominence under the regency of
Zhuge Liang, the
Imperial Chancellor of Shu. Between 228 and 234, while Zhuge Liang was away leading Shu forces on the
Northern Expeditions against Shu's rival state
Wei, Jiang Wan took charge of internal affairs and provided logistical support to the Shu forces at the frontline. After Zhuge Liang's death in 234, Jiang Wan succeeded him as regent and did well in gaining the Shu people's confidence and leading them into a post-Zhuge Liang era. During this time, he considered that the land-based route through the
Qin Mountains used by Zhuge Liang during the Northern Expeditions was too difficult for navigation and transportation of supplies. He thus came up with a plan to switch to a water-based route along the
Han River targeting Wei territories in present-day southern
Shaanxi and northwestern
Hubei. However, the Shu government rejected his plan as they thought it was too risky. In 243, due to poor health, Jiang Wan relocated from
Hanzhong near the Wei–Shu border to Fu County (present-day
Mianyang,
Sichuan). Towards the final years of his regency, as his health worsened, Jiang Wan gradually relinquished his powers to his deputies
Fei Yi and
Dong Yun but he continued to rule as regent in name. He died in late 246 and was succeeded by Fei Yi.
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