Application fields Architecture Benchmarking Biological mechanisms Genetic epidemiology Genetic variants Genome-Wide Association Study Genome-wide association studies High dimensional data Lasso Penalization Least squares approximations Least-Squares Analysis Meta-analysis Oncology Partial Least Square Partial least square (PLS) Pathway analysis Penalized partial least squares Phenotype Pleiotropic effects Pleiotropy Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Priori information Signal detection Sparse methods Variable selection genome-wide association study least square analysis phenotype single nucleotide polymorphism