Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. Being a demyelinating disease, MS disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Symptoms include double vision, vision loss, eye pain, muscle weakness, and loss of sensation or coordination. MS takes several forms, with new symptoms either occurring in isolated attacks (relapsing forms) or building up over time (progressive forms). In relapsing forms of MS, between attacks, symptoms may disappear completely, although some permanent neurological problems often remain, especially as the disease advances. In progressive forms of MS, bodily function slowly deteriorates once symptoms manifest and will steadily worsen if left untreated.While its cause is unclear, the underlying mechanism is thought to be either destruction by the immune system or failure of the myelin-producing cells. Proposed causes for this include immune dysregulation, genetics, and environmental factors, such as viral infections. MS is usually diagnosed based on the presenting signs and symptoms and the results of supporting medical tests.
No cure for multiple sclerosis is known. Current treatments are aimed at mitigating inflammation and resulting symptoms from acute flares and prevention of further attacks with disease-modifying medications. Physical therapy and occupational therapy, along with patient-centered symptom management, can help with people's ability to function. The long-term outcome is difficult to predict; better outcomes are more often seen in women, those who develop the disease early in life, those with a relapsing course, and those who initially experienced few attacks.
Multiple sclerosis is the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the central nervous system. Nearly one million people in the United States had MS in 2022, and in 2020, about 2.8 million people were affected globally, with rates varying widely in different regions and among different populations. The disease usually begins between the ages of 20 and 50 and is twice as common in women as in men. MS was first described in 1868 by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot.
The name "multiple sclerosis" is short for multiple cerebro-spinal sclerosis, which refers to the numerous glial scars (or sclerae – essentially plaques or lesions) that develop on the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Provided by Wikipedia
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6by Osman Özgür Yalın, Tuba Gökdoğan Edgünlü, Sevim Karakaş Çelik, Novel SNARE Complex Polymorphisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: Signs of Synaptopathy in Multiple Sclerosis Osman Özgür Yalın1, Tuba Gökdoğan Edgünlü2, Sevim Karakaş Çelik3, Ufuk Emre1, Taşkın Güneş, Aysun Eroğlu ÜnalGet full text
Published 2019-05-01
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8by Gerry Z M Ma, Jim Stankovich, Australia and New Zealand Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (ANZgene), Trevor J Kilpatrick, Michele D Binder, Judith FieldGet full text
Published 2011-02-01
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9by Takuya Matsushita, Katsuhisa Masaki, Noriko Isobe, Shinya Sato, Ken Yamamoto, Yuri Nakamura, Mitsuru Watanabe, Toshihiko Suenaga, Jun‐ichi Kira, the Japan Multiple Sclerosis Genetic ConsortiumGet full text
Published 2020-11-01
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10by Satoshi Yoshimura, Noriko Isobe, Tomomi Yonekawa, Takuya Matsushita, Katsuhisa Masaki, Shinya Sato, Yuji Kawano, Ken Yamamoto, Jun-ichi Kira, South Japan Multiple Sclerosis Genetics ConsortiumGet full text
Published 2012-01-01
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11by Judith M. Greer, Australia & New Zealand Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (ANZGene), Pamela A. McCombe, Michael P. Pender, Peter A. Csurhes, Clement Yihao Lin, Jia Liu, Jun YanGet full text
Published 2012-10-01
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12by Nina Steinemann, Jens Kuhle, Pasquale Calabrese, Jürg Kesselring, Giulio Disanto, Doron Merkler, Caroline Pot, Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross, Stephanie Rodgers, Milo Alan Puhan, Viktor von Wyl, the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis RegistryGet full text
Published 2018-08-01
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14by Mathew B Cox, Murray J Cairns, Kaushal S Gandhi, Adam P Carroll, Sophia Moscovis, Graeme J Stewart, Simon Broadley, Rodney J Scott, David R Booth, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, ANZgene Multiple Sclerosis Genetics ConsortiumGet full text
Published 2010-08-01
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15by Rosella Mechelli, Renato Umeton, Claudia Policano, Viviana Annibali, Giulia Coarelli, Vito A G Ricigliano, Danila Vittori, Arianna Fornasiero, Maria Chiara Buscarinu, International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium,2, Silvia Romano, Marco Salvetti, Giovanni RistoriGet full text
Published 2013-01-01
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16by Seline Hofer, Florian Bauder, Andrea Capone Mori, Andrew Chan, Patricia Dill, Stéphanie Garcia-Tarodo, Barbara Goeggel Simonetti, Annette Hackenberg, Judith Kalser, Oliver Maier, Regula Schmid, Susi Strozzi, Sandra Bigi, on behalf of the “Medico Scientific Advisory Board” of the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis SocietyGet full text
Published 2021-09-01
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17by Emilie Sundqvist, Dorothea Buck, Clemens Warnke, Eva Albrecht, Christian Gieger, Mohsen Khademi, Izaura Lima Bomfim, Anna Fogdell-Hahn, Jenny Link, Lars Alfredsson, Helle Bach Søndergaard, Jan Hillert, International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Annette B Oturai, Bernhard Hemmer, Ingrid Kockum, Tomas OlssonGet full text
Published 2014-04-01
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18by Marco Kaufmann, Milo Alan Puhan, Anke Salmen, Christian P. Kamm, Christian P. Kamm, Zina-Mary Manjaly, Zina-Mary Manjaly, Pasquale Calabrese, Sven Schippling, Sven Schippling, Stefanie Müller, Jens Kuhle, Caroline Pot, Claudio Gobbi, Claudio Gobbi, Nina Steinemann, Viktor von Wyl, Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Registry (SMSR)Get full text
Published 2020-03-01
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19by Carlos Riveros, Drew Mellor, Kaushal S Gandhi, Fiona C McKay, Mathew B Cox, Regina Berretta, S Yahya Vaezpour, Mario Inostroza-Ponta, Simon A Broadley, Robert N Heard, Stephen Vucic, Graeme J Stewart, David W Williams, Rodney J Scott, Jeanette Lechner-Scott, David R Booth, Pablo Moscato, ANZgene Multiple Sclerosis Genetics ConsortiumGet full text
Published 2010-12-01
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20by Cathy J Jensen, Jim Stankovich, Anneke Van der Walt, Melanie Bahlo, Bruce V Taylor, Ingrid A F van der Mei, Simon J Foote, Trevor J Kilpatrick, Laura J Johnson, Ella Wilkins, Judith Field, Patrick Danoy, Matthew A Brown, Australian and New Zealand Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (ANZgene), Justin P Rubio, Helmut ButzkuevenGet full text
Published 2010-04-01
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