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Qiang Tie
Qiang tie
''
Qiang tie
'' () is a Chinese folk name for banknotes of the
Russian ruble
issued by the
Russian Empire
and later by the
White Army
. The main regions of ruble transactions in China were concentrated along the
Chinese Eastern Railway
and
Harbin
in
Manchuria
and
Ili
and
Tacheng
in
Xinjiang
. Russian currency in China began circulating in the 1860s and were withdrawn due to severe
depreciation
in the mid-1920s. There were many ''qiang tie'' sources, including the
State Bank of the Russian Empire
, the
Russian Provisional Government
,
Omsk
bonds issued by the
Provisional All-Russian Government
, the
Russo-Chinese Bank
, and the administration of the Eastern Railway.
Provided by Wikipedia
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1
Understanding of Storm Runoff Generation in a Weathered, Fractured Granitoid Headwater Catchment in Northern China
by
Sihan Zhao
,
Hongchang Hu
,
Ciaran J. Harman
,
Fuqiang Tian
,
Qiang
Tie
,
Yaping Liu
,
Zhenyang Peng
Published 2019-01-01
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Article
2
Comparison of the Vegetation Effect on ET Partitioning Based on Eddy Covariance Method at Five Different Sites of Northern China
by
Hongchang Hu
,
Lajiao Chen
,
Hui Liu
,
Mohd Yawar Ali Khan
,
Qiang
Tie
,
Xuejun Zhang
,
Fuqiang Tian
Published 2018-11-01
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