Bobby Fischer
![Fischer in 1972](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Bobby_Fischer_1972.jpg)
In 1975, Fischer refused to defend his title when an agreement could not be reached with FIDE, chess's international governing body, over the match conditions. Consequently, the Soviet challenger Anatoly Karpov was named World Champion by default. Fischer subsequently disappeared from the public eye, though occasional reports of erratic behavior emerged. In 1992, he reemerged to win an unofficial rematch against Spassky. It was held in Yugoslavia, which was under a United Nations embargo at the time. His participation led to a conflict with the US government, which warned Fischer that his participation in the match would violate an executive order imposing US sanctions on Yugoslavia. The US government ultimately issued a warrant for his arrest; subsequently, Fischer lived as an émigré. In 2004, he was arrested in Japan and held for several months for using a passport that the US government had revoked. Eventually, he was granted Icelandic citizenship by a special act of the Icelandic parliament, allowing him to live there until his death in 2008.
Fischer made numerous lasting contributions to chess. His book ''My 60 Memorable Games'', published in 1969, is regarded as essential reading in chess literature. In the 1990s, he patented a modified chess timing system that added a time increment after each move, now a standard practice in top tournament and match play. He also invented Fischer random chess, also known as Chess960, a chess variant in which the initial position of the pieces is randomized to one of 960 possible positions.
Fischer made numerous antisemitic statements, including Holocaust denial. His antisemitism was a major theme in his public and private remarks, and there has been widespread comment and speculation concerning his psychological condition based on his extreme views and eccentric behavior. Provided by Wikipedia
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4by Robert J. Fischer, Seth D. Judson, Kerri Miazgowicz, Trent Bushmaker, Vincent J. MunsterGet full text
Published 2016-02-01
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5by Joshua Christensen, Robert J. Fischer, Brandi N. McCoy, Sandra J. Raffel, Tom G. SchwanGet full text
Published 2015-02-01
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6by Joseph B. Prescott, Trenton Bushmaker, Robert J. Fischer, Kerri Miazgowicz, Seth D. Judson, Vincent J. MunsterGet full text
Published 2015-05-01
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8by Kyle Bibby, Robert J Fischer, Leonard W Casson, Nathalia Aquino de Carvalho, Charles N Haas, Vincent J MunsterGet full text
Published 2017-02-01
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11by Brandi N. Williamson, Kimberly Meade-White, Kristin Boardman, Jonathan E. Schulz, Carson T. Telford, Dania M. Figueroa Acosta, Trenton Bushmaker, Robert J. Fischer, Kyle Rosenke, Heinz FeldmannGet full text
Published 2021-05-01
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12by Tom G Schwan, Jennifer M Anderson, Job E Lopez, Robert J Fischer, Sandra J Raffel, Brandi N McCoy, David Safronetz, Nafomon Sogoba, Ousmane Maïga, Sékou F TraoréGet full text
Published 2012-01-01
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13by Neeltje van Doremalen, Alexandra Schäfer, Vineet D. Menachery, Michael Letko, Trenton Bushmaker, Robert J. Fischer, Dania M. Figueroa, Patrick W. Hanley, Greg Saturday, Ralph S. Baric, Vincent J. MunsterGet full text
Published 2018-12-01
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14by David Safronetz, Kyle Rosenke, Robert J. Fischer, Rachel A. LaCasse, Dana P. Scott, Greg Saturday, Patrick W. Hanley, Ousmane Maiga, Nafomon Sogoba, Tom G. Schwan, Heinz FeldmannGet full text
Published 2021-03-01
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15by Dylan H Morris, Kwe Claude Yinda, Amandine Gamble, Fernando W Rossine, Qishen Huang, Trenton Bushmaker, Robert J Fischer, M Jeremiah Matson, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Peter J Vikesland, Linsey C Marr, Vincent J Munster, James O Lloyd-SmithGet full text
Published 2021-04-01
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16by Robert J. Fischer, Jyothi N. Purushotham, Neeltje van Doremalen, Sarah Sebastian, Kimberly Meade-White, Kathleen Cordova, Michael Letko, M. Jeremiah Matson, Friederike Feldmann, Elaine Haddock, Rachel LaCasse, Greg Saturday, Teresa Lambe, Sarah C. Gilbert, Vincent J. MunsterGet full text
Published 2021-03-01
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17by David Safronetz, Nafomon Sogoba, Job E Lopez, Ousmane Maiga, Eric Dahlstrom, Marko Zivcec, Friederike Feldmann, Elaine Haddock, Robert J Fischer, Jennifer M Anderson, Vincent J Munster, Luis Branco, Robert Garry, Stephen F Porcella, Tom G Schwan, Heinz FeldmannGet full text
Published 2013-01-01
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18by Robert J. Fischer, Dylan H. Morris, Neeltje van Doremalen, Shanda Sarchette, M. Jeremiah Matson, Trenton Bushmaker, Claude Kwe Yinda, Stephanie N. Seifert, Amandine Gamble, Brandi N. Williamson, Seth D. Judson, Emmie de Wit, James O. Lloyd-Smith, Vincent J. MunsterGet full text
Published 2020-09-01
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19by Dania M. Figueroa, Eeva Kuisma, M. Jeremiah Matson, Alain U. Ondzie, Trent Bushmaker, Stephanie N. Seifert, Francine Ntoumi, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, César Muñoz-Fontela, Chris Walzer, Sarah H. Olson, Cynthia Goma-Nkoua, Jean-Vivien Mombouli, Robert J. Fischer, Vincent J. MunsterGet full text
Published 2021-05-01
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20by Claude Kwe Yinda, Julia R Port, Trenton Bushmaker, Irene Offei Owusu, Jyothi N Purushotham, Victoria A Avanzato, Robert J Fischer, Jonathan E Schulz, Myndi G Holbrook, Madison J Hebner, Rebecca Rosenke, Tina Thomas, Andrea Marzi, Sonja M Best, Emmie de Wit, Carl Shaia, Neeltje van Doremalen, Vincent J MunsterGet full text
Published 2021-01-01
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