Saddam Hussein
![Saddam in 1998](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Saddam_Hussein_in_1998.png)
Saddam was born in the village of Al-Awja, near Tikrit in northern Iraq, to a Sunni Arab family. He joined the Ba'ath Party in 1957, and later in 1966 the Iraqi and Baghdad-based Ba'ath parties. He played a key role in the 17 July Revolution and was appointed vice president of Iraq by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. During his time as vice president, Saddam nationalized the Iraq Petroleum Company, diversifying the Iraqi economy. He presided over the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975). Following al-Bakr's resignation in 1979, Saddam formally took power, although he had already been the ''de facto'' head of Iraq for several years. Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs, a minority that made up about a fifth of the population.
In 1979, upon taking office, Saddam purged the Ba'ath Party. He ordered the invasion of Iran in 1980 in a purported effort to capture Iran's Arab-majority Khuzestan province; thwart Iranian attempts to export its 1979 revolution to the Arab world; and end Iranian calls for the overthrow of the Sunni-dominated Ba'athist regime. The Iran–Iraq War ended in stalemate after nearly eight years in a ceasefire, after a million people were killed and Iran suffered economic losses of $561 billion. At the end of the war, Saddam ordered the Anfal campaign against Kurdish rebels who sided with Iran, recognized by Human Rights Watch as an act of genocide. Later, Saddam accused his ally Kuwait of slant-drilling the Iraqi oil reserves and invaded the country, initiating the Gulf War (1990–1991), which ended in Iraq's defeat by a multinational coalition led by the United States. The United Nations subsequently placed sanctions against Iraq. Saddam suppressed the 1991 Iraqi uprisings of the Kurds and Shias, which sought to gain independence or overthrow the government. Saddam adopted an anti-American stance and established the Faith Campaign, pursuing an Islamist agenda in Iraq.
In 2003, the United States and its coalition of allies invaded Iraq, accusing Saddam of developing weapons of mass destruction and of having ties with al-Qaeda. The Ba'ath Party was banned and Saddam went into hiding. After his capture on 13 December 2003, his trial took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by the Iraqi High Tribunal of crimes against humanity related to the 1982 Dujail massacre and sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed on 30 December 2006.
A highly polarizing and controversial figure, Saddam dominated Iraqi politics for three decades and was the subject of a cult of personality. Many Arabs regard Saddam as a resolute leader who challenged Western imperialism, opposed the Israeli occupation of Palestine, and resisted foreign intervention in the region. Conversely, many Iraqis, particularly Shias and Kurds, perceive him negatively as a dictator responsible for severe authoritarianism, repression, and numerous injustices. Human Rights Watch estimated that Saddam's regime was responsible for the murder or disappearance of 250,000 to 290,000 Iraqis. Provided by Wikipedia
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2by Kohei Makita, Elly Steenbergen, Elly Steenbergen, Lisa Haruta, Saddam Hossain, Saddam Hossain, Yuki Nakahara, Yuto Tamura, Takuto Watanabe, Hazumu Kadowaki, Shingo AsakuraGet full text
Published 2020-09-01
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3by Md. Saddam Hossain, Abul Kalam Azad, Parveen Afroz Chowdhury, Mamoru WakayamaGet full text
Published 2017-01-01
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5by Samia Nawshin, Md. Saddam Hossain Mukta, Mohammed Eunus Ali, A. K. M. Najmul IslamGet full text
Published 2020-01-01
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10by Modhusudon Shaha, Palash Kumar Sarker, Md. Saddam Hossain, Keshob Chandra Das, Munira Jahan, Shuvra Kanti Dey, Shahina Tabassum, Abu Hashem, Md. SalimullahGet full text
Published 2018-09-01
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11by Modhusudon Shaha, Palash Kumar Sarker, Md. Saddam Hossain, Keshob Chandra Das, Munira Jahan, Shuvra Kanti Dey, Shahina Tabassum, Abu Hashem, Md. SalimullahGet full text
Published 2018-08-01
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12by Md. Saddam Hossain, Karna Ramachandraiah, Rashidul Hasan, Rabiul Islam Chowdhury, Kawser Alam Kanan, Shakil Ahmed, Md. Aslam Ali, Md. Tariqul Islam, Maruf AhmedGet full text
Published 2021-03-01
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13by Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Md. Abul Kalam, Mahabub Alam, Shahanaj Shano, Abdullah Al Faruq, Md. Saddam Hossain, Md. Nurul Islam, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful IslamGet full text
Published 2020-10-01
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14by Jalal Uddin, Khaled Hossain, Saddam Hossain, Karabi Saha, Fatema Tuz Jubyda, Razoanul Haque, Baki Billah, Ali Azam Talukder, Anowar Khasru Parvez, Shuvra Kanti DeyGet full text
Published 2019-03-01
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15by Asif Iqbal, Al Hakim, Md. Saddam Hossain, Mohammad Rejaur Rahman, Kamrul Islam, Md. Faisal Azim, Jahed Ahmed, Md. Assaduzzaman, Md. Mozammel Hoq, Abul Kalam AzadGet full text
Published 2018-06-01
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16by Shanewaz Hossan, Saddam Hossain, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Mir Himayet Kabir, Sobur Ali, Md Shafiqul Islam, Khan Mohammad Imran, M. Moniruzzaman, Taslin Jahan Mou, Anowar Khasru Parvez, Zahid Hayat MahmudGet full text
Published 2020-08-01
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