Asynchronous machine Bohr exciton radius DC injection DFAM Doubly feed asynchronoi machine Doubly-fed Doubly-feed asynchronoi machine Energy efficiency Energy efficient Energy efficient start-up Hydraulic turbines Hydroelectric pumped storage plant Pumped storage plants Pumped storage power plants Pumps Smooth starting Speed Start-up strategy Stators Submersible vehicle; Steering control; Simulink; Optimal parameters; ISE and IAE; Non-linear system; Disturbance V/f start-up strategy Winding doubly-fed asynchronous machine energy efficient start-up hydroelectric pumped storage plant quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) quantum dots smooth starting wide band gap semiconductors zinc sulfide