RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen Species
To examine the role of RNA silencing in plant defenses against viroids, a Dicer-like 2 and 4 (DCL2&4)–double knockdown transgenic tomato plant line, 72E, was created. The expression of endogenous <i>SlDCL2</i>s and <i>SlDCL4</i> in line 72E decreased to abou...
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doaj-087864543a404fb992e0101c2f125fef2020-11-25T00:52:34ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152019-04-0111434410.3390/v11040344v11040344RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen SpeciesTakahiro Suzuki0Sho Ikeda1Atsushi Kasai2Akito Taneda3Misato Fujibayashi4Kohei Sugawara5Maki Okuta6Hayato Maeda7Teruo Sano8Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanFaculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanTo examine the role of RNA silencing in plant defenses against viroids, a Dicer-like 2 and 4 (DCL2&4)–double knockdown transgenic tomato plant line, 72E, was created. The expression of endogenous <i>SlDCL2</i>s and <i>SlDCL4</i> in line 72E decreased to about a half that of the empty cassette line, EC. When challenged with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), line 72E showed significantly higher levels of PSTVd accumulation early in the course of the infection and lethal systemic necrosis late in the infection. The size distribution of PSTVd-derived small RNAs was significantly different with the number of RNAs of 21 and 22 nucleotides (nt) in line 72E, at approximately 66.7% and 5% of those in line EC, respectively. Conversely, the numbers of 24 nt species increased by 1100%. Furthermore, expression of the stress-responsive microRNA species miR398 and miR398a-3p increased 770% and 868% in the PSTVd-infected line 72E compared with the PSTVd-infected EC. At the same time, the expression of cytosolic and chloroplast-localized Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (<i>SOD1</i> and <i>SOD2</i>) and the copper chaperon for SOD (<i>CCS1</i>) mRNAs, potential targets of miR398 or 398a-3p, decreased significantly in the PSTVd-infected line 72E leaves, showing necrosis. In concert with miR398 and 398a-3p, SODs control the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in cells. Since high levels of ROS production were observed in PSTVd-infected line 72E plants, it is likely that the lack of full dicer-likes (DCL) activity in these plants made them unable to control excessive ROS production after PSTVd infection, as disruption in the ability of miR398 and miR398a-3p to regulate SODs resulted in the development of lethal systemic necrosis.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/4/344viroidpathogenicityRNA silencingDicer-like proteinssmall interfering RNAmiR398miR398a-3psuperoxide dismutasereactive oxygen speciessystemic necrosis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Takahiro Suzuki Sho Ikeda Atsushi Kasai Akito Taneda Misato Fujibayashi Kohei Sugawara Maki Okuta Hayato Maeda Teruo Sano |
spellingShingle |
Takahiro Suzuki Sho Ikeda Atsushi Kasai Akito Taneda Misato Fujibayashi Kohei Sugawara Maki Okuta Hayato Maeda Teruo Sano RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen Species Viruses viroid pathogenicity RNA silencing Dicer-like proteins small interfering RNA miR398 miR398a-3p superoxide dismutase reactive oxygen species systemic necrosis |
author_facet |
Takahiro Suzuki Sho Ikeda Atsushi Kasai Akito Taneda Misato Fujibayashi Kohei Sugawara Maki Okuta Hayato Maeda Teruo Sano |
author_sort |
Takahiro Suzuki |
title |
RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen Species |
title_short |
RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen Species |
title_full |
RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen Species |
title_fullStr |
RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen Species |
title_full_unstemmed |
RNAi-Mediated Down-Regulation of Dicer-Like 2 and 4 Changes the Response of ‘Moneymaker’ Tomato to Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Infection from Tolerance to Lethal Systemic Necrosis, Accompanied by Up-Regulation of miR398, 398a-3p and Production of Excessive Amount of Reactive Oxygen Species |
title_sort |
rnai-mediated down-regulation of dicer-like 2 and 4 changes the response of ‘moneymaker’ tomato to potato spindle tuber viroid infection from tolerance to lethal systemic necrosis, accompanied by up-regulation of mir398, 398a-3p and production of excessive amount of reactive oxygen species |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
To examine the role of RNA silencing in plant defenses against viroids, a Dicer-like 2 and 4 (DCL2&4)–double knockdown transgenic tomato plant line, 72E, was created. The expression of endogenous <i>SlDCL2</i>s and <i>SlDCL4</i> in line 72E decreased to about a half that of the empty cassette line, EC. When challenged with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), line 72E showed significantly higher levels of PSTVd accumulation early in the course of the infection and lethal systemic necrosis late in the infection. The size distribution of PSTVd-derived small RNAs was significantly different with the number of RNAs of 21 and 22 nucleotides (nt) in line 72E, at approximately 66.7% and 5% of those in line EC, respectively. Conversely, the numbers of 24 nt species increased by 1100%. Furthermore, expression of the stress-responsive microRNA species miR398 and miR398a-3p increased 770% and 868% in the PSTVd-infected line 72E compared with the PSTVd-infected EC. At the same time, the expression of cytosolic and chloroplast-localized Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (<i>SOD1</i> and <i>SOD2</i>) and the copper chaperon for SOD (<i>CCS1</i>) mRNAs, potential targets of miR398 or 398a-3p, decreased significantly in the PSTVd-infected line 72E leaves, showing necrosis. In concert with miR398 and 398a-3p, SODs control the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in cells. Since high levels of ROS production were observed in PSTVd-infected line 72E plants, it is likely that the lack of full dicer-likes (DCL) activity in these plants made them unable to control excessive ROS production after PSTVd infection, as disruption in the ability of miR398 and miR398a-3p to regulate SODs resulted in the development of lethal systemic necrosis. |
topic |
viroid pathogenicity RNA silencing Dicer-like proteins small interfering RNA miR398 miR398a-3p superoxide dismutase reactive oxygen species systemic necrosis |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/4/344 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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