The Distinctive Evolution of orfX Clostridium parabotulinum Strains and Their Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A and F Gene Clusters Is Influenced by Environmental Factors and Gene Interactions via Mobile Genetic Elements

The Distinctive Evolution of orfX Clostridium parabotulinum Strains and Their Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A and F Gene Clusters Is Influenced by Environmental Factors and Gene Interactions via Mobile Genetic Elements

Of the seven currently known botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium, C. parabotulinum, or C. botulinum Group I, is the species associated with the majority of human botulism cases worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis of these bacteria reveals a diverse species with multiple genomic clades...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Theresa J. Smith, Charles H. D. Williamson, Karen K. Hill, Shannon L. Johnson, Gary Xie, Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Rafael A. Fernández, Patricia A. Caballero, Paul Keim, Jason W. Sahl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Clostridium parabotulinum
neurotoxin
plasmids
orfX
lycA
arsC
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.566908/full

Internet

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.566908/full

Similar Items