Mouse WIF1 Is Only Modified with <i>O</i>-Fucose in Its EGF-like Domain III Despite Two Evolutionarily Conserved Consensus Sites

• Main Authors: Florian Pennarubia, Emilie Pinault, Bilal Al Jaam, Caroline E. Brun, Abderrahman Maftah, Agnès Germot, Sébastien Legardinier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
• Series: Biomolecules
• Subjects: click chemistry; EGF-LD; <i>O</i>-fucosylation; phylogeny; Pofut1; Wif1
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/9/1250

The Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 (Wif1), known to inhibit Wnt signaling pathways, is composed of a WIF domain and five EGF-like domains (EGF-LDs) involved in protein interactions. Despite the presence of a potential <i>O</i>-fucosylation site in its EGF-LDs III and V, the <i>O</i>-fucose sites occupancy has never been demonstrated for WIF1. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis on the distribution, conservation and evolution of Wif1 proteins was performed, as well as biochemical approaches focusing on <i>O</i>-fucosylation sites occupancy of recombinant mouse WIF1. In the monophyletic group of gnathostomes, we showed that the consensus sequence for <i>O</i>-fucose modification by Pofut1 is highly conserved in Wif1 EGF-LD III while it was more divergent in EGF-LD V. Using click chemistry and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that mouse WIF1 was only modified with a non-extended <i>O</i>-fucose on its EGF-LD III. In addition, a decreased amount of mouse WIF1 in the secretome of CHO cells was observed when the <i>O</i>-fucosylation site in EGF-LD III was mutated. Based on sequence comparison and automated protein modeling, we suggest that the absence of <i>O</i>-fucose on EGF-LD V of WIF1 in mouse and probably in most gnathostomes, could be related to EGF-LD V inability to interact with POFUT1.