Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells
Background: Human immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in secondary lymphoid organs, such as in the case of germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GC B cells. Me...
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Elsevier
2020-03-01
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Series: | EBioMedicine |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396420300591 |
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doaj-14104eb9b44f43239e5e4fb0f43435ce |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Angelika Schmidt Johanna E. Huber Özen Sercan Alp Robert Gürkov Christoph A. Reichel Matthias Herrmann Oliver T. Keppler Thomas Leeuw Dirk Baumjohann |
spellingShingle |
Angelika Schmidt Johanna E. Huber Özen Sercan Alp Robert Gürkov Christoph A. Reichel Matthias Herrmann Oliver T. Keppler Thomas Leeuw Dirk Baumjohann Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells EBioMedicine |
author_facet |
Angelika Schmidt Johanna E. Huber Özen Sercan Alp Robert Gürkov Christoph A. Reichel Matthias Herrmann Oliver T. Keppler Thomas Leeuw Dirk Baumjohann |
author_sort |
Angelika Schmidt |
title |
Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells |
title_short |
Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells |
title_full |
Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells |
title_fullStr |
Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cells |
title_sort |
complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center t and b cells |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
EBioMedicine |
issn |
2352-3964 |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
Background: Human immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in secondary lymphoid organs, such as in the case of germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GC B cells. Methods: We developed a versatile ex vivo lymphoid organ culture platform that is based on human pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and allows for drug testing. We systematically phenotyped Tfh and GC B cell subsets in explant- and suspension cultures using multicolor flow cytometry and cytokine multiplex analysis. Findings: Phenotypic changes of certain ex vivo cultured immune cell subsets could be modulated by cytokine addition. Furthermore, we optimized an activation-induced marker assay to evaluate the response to T cell stimulation. We provide proof-of-concept that Tfh and GC B cells could be modulated in these cultures by different anti-inflammatory drugs in unstimulated states and upon activation with vaccine-derived antigens. For example, GC B cells were lost upon CD40L blockade, and clinically approved JAK inhibitors impacted Tfh and GC B cells, including down-regulation of their key transcription factor BCL6. BCL6 regulation was affected by IL-6 signaling in T cells and IL-4 in B cells, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JAK signaling and TNF signaling contributed to the stimulation-induced activation of tonsil-derived T cells. Interpretation: Our optimized methods, assays, and mechanistic findings can contribute to a better understanding of human GC responses. These insights may be relevant for improving autoimmune disease therapy and vaccination efficacy. Funding: This work was supported by a project grant under the joint research cooperation agreement of LMU Munich, LMU University Hospital, and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, as well as by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Emmy Noether Programme BA 5132/1-1 and BA 5132/1-2 (252623821), SFB 1054 Project B12 (210592381), and SFB 914 Project B03 (165054336). Keywords: T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Human ex vivo lymphoid tissue culture, Immunotherapy, CXCR5, BCL6, Germinal center (GC), Activation-induced marker assay (AIM), JAK inhibitor |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396420300591 |
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doaj-14104eb9b44f43239e5e4fb0f43435ce2020-11-25T02:10:43ZengElsevierEBioMedicine2352-39642020-03-0153Complex human adenoid tissue-based ex vivo culture systems reveal anti-inflammatory drug effects on germinal center T and B cellsAngelika Schmidt0Johanna E. Huber1Özen Sercan Alp2Robert Gürkov3Christoph A. Reichel4Matthias Herrmann5Oliver T. Keppler6Thomas Leeuw7Dirk Baumjohann8Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Corresponding authors.Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, GermanyR&D, TA Immunology & Inflammation Research, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, GermanyR&D, TA Immunology & Inflammation Research, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyMax von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, GermanyR&D, TA Immunology & Inflammation Research, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyInstitute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Corresponding authors.Background: Human immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in secondary lymphoid organs, such as in the case of germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GC B cells. Methods: We developed a versatile ex vivo lymphoid organ culture platform that is based on human pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and allows for drug testing. We systematically phenotyped Tfh and GC B cell subsets in explant- and suspension cultures using multicolor flow cytometry and cytokine multiplex analysis. Findings: Phenotypic changes of certain ex vivo cultured immune cell subsets could be modulated by cytokine addition. Furthermore, we optimized an activation-induced marker assay to evaluate the response to T cell stimulation. We provide proof-of-concept that Tfh and GC B cells could be modulated in these cultures by different anti-inflammatory drugs in unstimulated states and upon activation with vaccine-derived antigens. For example, GC B cells were lost upon CD40L blockade, and clinically approved JAK inhibitors impacted Tfh and GC B cells, including down-regulation of their key transcription factor BCL6. BCL6 regulation was affected by IL-6 signaling in T cells and IL-4 in B cells, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JAK signaling and TNF signaling contributed to the stimulation-induced activation of tonsil-derived T cells. Interpretation: Our optimized methods, assays, and mechanistic findings can contribute to a better understanding of human GC responses. These insights may be relevant for improving autoimmune disease therapy and vaccination efficacy. Funding: This work was supported by a project grant under the joint research cooperation agreement of LMU Munich, LMU University Hospital, and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, as well as by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Emmy Noether Programme BA 5132/1-1 and BA 5132/1-2 (252623821), SFB 1054 Project B12 (210592381), and SFB 914 Project B03 (165054336). Keywords: T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Human ex vivo lymphoid tissue culture, Immunotherapy, CXCR5, BCL6, Germinal center (GC), Activation-induced marker assay (AIM), JAK inhibitorhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396420300591 |