Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy
Oxidative stress plays key roles in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in the retina in diabetes and the antioxidant defense system is also compromised. Increased ROS stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro...
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doaj-160604315d5e41c2ae8f24fa0b53cd172020-11-24T20:50:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-07-01910.3389/fphys.2018.00820374639Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic RetinopathyAna R. Santiago0Ana R. Santiago1Ana R. Santiago2Raquel Boia3Raquel Boia4Inês D. Aires5Inês D. Aires6António F. Ambrósio7António F. Ambrósio8Rosa Fernandes9Rosa Fernandes10Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalAssociation for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCoimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalCNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalOxidative stress plays key roles in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in the retina in diabetes and the antioxidant defense system is also compromised. Increased ROS stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting a chronic low-grade inflammation involving various signaling pathways. An excessive production of ROS can lead to retinal endothelial cell injury, increased microvascular permeability, and recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation. Recent studies have started unraveling the complex crosstalk between retinal endothelial cells and neuroglial cells or leukocytes, via both cell-to-cell contact and secretion of cytokines. This crosstalk is essential for the maintenance of the integrity of retinal vascular structure. Under diabetic conditions, an aberrant interaction between endothelial cells and other resident cells of the retina or invading inflammatory cells takes place in the retina. Impairment in the secretion and flow of molecular signals between different cells can compromise the retinal vascular architecture and trigger angiogenesis. In this review, the synergistic contributions of redox-inflammatory processes for endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy will be examined, with particular attention paid to endothelial cell communication with other retinal cells.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00820/fulldiabetic retinopathyblood–retinal barrierretinal endothelial cellsoxidative stressinflammationapoptosis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ana R. Santiago Ana R. Santiago Ana R. Santiago Raquel Boia Raquel Boia Inês D. Aires Inês D. Aires António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio Rosa Fernandes Rosa Fernandes |
spellingShingle |
Ana R. Santiago Ana R. Santiago Ana R. Santiago Raquel Boia Raquel Boia Inês D. Aires Inês D. Aires António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio Rosa Fernandes Rosa Fernandes Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy Frontiers in Physiology diabetic retinopathy blood–retinal barrier retinal endothelial cells oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis |
author_facet |
Ana R. Santiago Ana R. Santiago Ana R. Santiago Raquel Boia Raquel Boia Inês D. Aires Inês D. Aires António F. Ambrósio António F. Ambrósio Rosa Fernandes Rosa Fernandes |
author_sort |
Ana R. Santiago |
title |
Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_short |
Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_full |
Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_fullStr |
Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy |
title_sort |
sweet stress: coping with vascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Physiology |
issn |
1664-042X |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
Oxidative stress plays key roles in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in the retina in diabetes and the antioxidant defense system is also compromised. Increased ROS stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting a chronic low-grade inflammation involving various signaling pathways. An excessive production of ROS can lead to retinal endothelial cell injury, increased microvascular permeability, and recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation. Recent studies have started unraveling the complex crosstalk between retinal endothelial cells and neuroglial cells or leukocytes, via both cell-to-cell contact and secretion of cytokines. This crosstalk is essential for the maintenance of the integrity of retinal vascular structure. Under diabetic conditions, an aberrant interaction between endothelial cells and other resident cells of the retina or invading inflammatory cells takes place in the retina. Impairment in the secretion and flow of molecular signals between different cells can compromise the retinal vascular architecture and trigger angiogenesis. In this review, the synergistic contributions of redox-inflammatory processes for endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy will be examined, with particular attention paid to endothelial cell communication with other retinal cells. |
topic |
diabetic retinopathy blood–retinal barrier retinal endothelial cells oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.00820/full |
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