Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels
Grain number per panicle is an important component of grain yield in sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.)) and other cereal crops. Previously, we reported that mutations in multi-seeded 1 (<i>MSD1)</i> and <i>MSD2</i> genes result in a two-fold increase in grain n...
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doaj-1a5d014555fc495fb1b2cc796b445b832020-11-25T01:35:03ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-10-012021535910.3390/ijms20215359ijms20215359Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid LevelsLavanya Dampanaboina0Yinping Jiao1Junping Chen2Nicholas Gladman3Ratan Chopra4Gloria Burow5Chad Hayes6Shawn A. Christensen7John Burke8Doreen Ware9Zhanguo Xin10Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAChemistry Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USACold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USAPlant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USAGrain number per panicle is an important component of grain yield in sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.)) and other cereal crops. Previously, we reported that mutations in multi-seeded 1 (<i>MSD1)</i> and <i>MSD2</i> genes result in a two-fold increase in grain number per panicle due to the restoration of the fertility of the pedicellate spikelets, which invariably abort in natural sorghum accessions. Here, we report the identification of another gene, <i>MSD3,</i> which is also involved in the regulation of grain numbers in sorghum. Four bulked F<sub>2</sub> populations from crosses between BTx623 and each of the independent <i>msd</i> mutants p6, p14, p21, and p24 were sequenced to 20× coverage of the whole genome on a HiSeq 2000 system. Bioinformatic analyses of the sequence data showed that one gene, Sorbi_3001G407600, harbored homozygous mutations in all four populations. This gene encodes a plastidial ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to linolenic acid (18:3), a substrate for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The <i>msd3</i> mutants had reduced levels of linolenic acid in both leaves and developing panicles that in turn decreased the levels of JA. Furthermore, the <i>msd3</i> panicle phenotype was reversed by treatment with methyl-JA (MeJA). Our characterization of <i>MSD1, MSD2,</i> and now <i>MSD3</i> demonstrates that JA-regulated processes are critical to the <i>msd</i> phenotype. The identification of the <i>MSD3</i> gene reveals a new target that could be manipulated to increase grain number per panicle in sorghum, and potentially other cereal crops, through the genomic editing of <i>MSD3</i> functional orthologs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/21/5359jasmonic acidfatty acid desaturasemultiseeded<i>msd</i>grain numbermutmapsorghum |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lavanya Dampanaboina Yinping Jiao Junping Chen Nicholas Gladman Ratan Chopra Gloria Burow Chad Hayes Shawn A. Christensen John Burke Doreen Ware Zhanguo Xin |
spellingShingle |
Lavanya Dampanaboina Yinping Jiao Junping Chen Nicholas Gladman Ratan Chopra Gloria Burow Chad Hayes Shawn A. Christensen John Burke Doreen Ware Zhanguo Xin Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels International Journal of Molecular Sciences jasmonic acid fatty acid desaturase multiseeded <i>msd</i> grain number mutmap sorghum |
author_facet |
Lavanya Dampanaboina Yinping Jiao Junping Chen Nicholas Gladman Ratan Chopra Gloria Burow Chad Hayes Shawn A. Christensen John Burke Doreen Ware Zhanguo Xin |
author_sort |
Lavanya Dampanaboina |
title |
Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels |
title_short |
Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels |
title_full |
Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels |
title_fullStr |
Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sorghum <i>MSD3</i> Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels |
title_sort |
sorghum <i>msd3</i> encodes an ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that increases grain number by reducing jasmonic acid levels |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
Grain number per panicle is an important component of grain yield in sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.)) and other cereal crops. Previously, we reported that mutations in multi-seeded 1 (<i>MSD1)</i> and <i>MSD2</i> genes result in a two-fold increase in grain number per panicle due to the restoration of the fertility of the pedicellate spikelets, which invariably abort in natural sorghum accessions. Here, we report the identification of another gene, <i>MSD3,</i> which is also involved in the regulation of grain numbers in sorghum. Four bulked F<sub>2</sub> populations from crosses between BTx623 and each of the independent <i>msd</i> mutants p6, p14, p21, and p24 were sequenced to 20× coverage of the whole genome on a HiSeq 2000 system. Bioinformatic analyses of the sequence data showed that one gene, Sorbi_3001G407600, harbored homozygous mutations in all four populations. This gene encodes a plastidial ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to linolenic acid (18:3), a substrate for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The <i>msd3</i> mutants had reduced levels of linolenic acid in both leaves and developing panicles that in turn decreased the levels of JA. Furthermore, the <i>msd3</i> panicle phenotype was reversed by treatment with methyl-JA (MeJA). Our characterization of <i>MSD1, MSD2,</i> and now <i>MSD3</i> demonstrates that JA-regulated processes are critical to the <i>msd</i> phenotype. The identification of the <i>MSD3</i> gene reveals a new target that could be manipulated to increase grain number per panicle in sorghum, and potentially other cereal crops, through the genomic editing of <i>MSD3</i> functional orthologs. |
topic |
jasmonic acid fatty acid desaturase multiseeded <i>msd</i> grain number mutmap sorghum |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/21/5359 |
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