How the Cobra Got Its Flesh-Eating Venom: Cytotoxicity as a Defensive Innovation and Its Co-Evolution with Hooding, Aposematic Marking, and Spitting

How the Cobra Got Its Flesh-Eating Venom: Cytotoxicity as a Defensive Innovation and Its Co-Evolution with Hooding, Aposematic Marking, and Spitting

The cytotoxicity of the venom of 25 species of Old World elapid snake was tested and compared with the morphological and behavioural adaptations of hooding and spitting. We determined that, contrary to previous assumptions, the venoms of spitting species are not consistently more cytotoxic than thos...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nadya Panagides, Timothy N.W. Jackson, Maria P. Ikonomopoulou, Kevin Arbuckle, Rudolf Pretzler, Daryl C. Yang, Syed A. Ali, Ivan Koludarov, James Dobson, Brittany Sanker, Angelique Asselin, Renan C. Santana, Iwan Hendrikx, Harold van der Ploeg, Jeremie Tai-A-Pin, Romilly van den Bergh, Harald M.I. Kerkkamp, Freek J. Vonk, Arno Naude, Morné A. Strydom, Louis Jacobsz, Nathan Dunstan, Marc Jaeger, Wayne C. Hodgson, John Miles, Bryan G. Fry
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2017-03-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
cytotoxin
cobra
Hemachatus
Naja
Ophiophagus
Elapidae
evolution
antipredator defense
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/3/103

Internet

http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/3/103

Similar Items