Rare earth elements: A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, analysis, recycling, and environmental impact

Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. Currently these metals have become very critical to several modern technologies ranging from cell phones and televisions to LED light bulbs and wind turbin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: V. Balaram
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-07-01
Series:Geoscience Frontiers
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987119300258