16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways
A clerodane diterpene compound 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) is considered a therapeutic agent with pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells. CD inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration a...
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doaj-20cd398f1a2b4763850abb7a7f57bea72020-11-25T03:54:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-08-01253958395810.3390/molecules2517395816-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling PathwaysYu-Chi Chen0Po-Yu Wang1Bu-Miin Huang2Yu-Jen Chen3Wei-Chang Lee4Yung-Chia Chen5Department of Urology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 824410, TaiwanDepartment of Paediatric Emergency, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua 500209, TaiwanDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, TaiwanResen Biomedical Informatics Inc., Taipei 100043, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, TaiwanA clerodane diterpene compound 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) is considered a therapeutic agent with pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells. CD inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CD-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, associated with reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3. In addition, CD treatment led to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and inhibited expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 and led to increased levels of p21, p27Kip1 and p53. All of these events were accompanied with a reduction of pEGFR, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, pAkt, pmTOR, pP70S6K1, HIF-1α, c-Myc and VEGF. RNAseq-based analysis revealed that CD-induced cell death was characterised by an increased expression of stress and apoptotic-related genes as well as inhibition of the cell cycle-related genes. In summary, CD induces apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells through targeting multiple intracellular signaling pathways as a result of oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/3958clerodane diterpeneapoptosisbladder cancerepidermal growth factor receptorcell cycle |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yu-Chi Chen Po-Yu Wang Bu-Miin Huang Yu-Jen Chen Wei-Chang Lee Yung-Chia Chen |
spellingShingle |
Yu-Chi Chen Po-Yu Wang Bu-Miin Huang Yu-Jen Chen Wei-Chang Lee Yung-Chia Chen 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways Molecules clerodane diterpene apoptosis bladder cancer epidermal growth factor receptor cell cycle |
author_facet |
Yu-Chi Chen Po-Yu Wang Bu-Miin Huang Yu-Jen Chen Wei-Chang Lee Yung-Chia Chen |
author_sort |
Yu-Chi Chen |
title |
16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways |
title_short |
16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways |
title_full |
16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways |
title_fullStr |
16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways |
title_full_unstemmed |
16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide Induces Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest, Mitochondria ROS Overproduction, and Inactivation of EGFR-Related Signalling Pathways |
title_sort |
16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells through cell cycle arrest, mitochondria ros overproduction, and inactivation of egfr-related signalling pathways |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
A clerodane diterpene compound 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (CD) is considered a therapeutic agent with pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the mechanisms of CD-induced apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells. CD inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CD-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, associated with reduced expression of Bcl-2 and increased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3. In addition, CD treatment led to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and inhibited expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 and led to increased levels of p21, p27Kip1 and p53. All of these events were accompanied with a reduction of pEGFR, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, pAkt, pmTOR, pP70S6K1, HIF-1α, c-Myc and VEGF. RNAseq-based analysis revealed that CD-induced cell death was characterised by an increased expression of stress and apoptotic-related genes as well as inhibition of the cell cycle-related genes. In summary, CD induces apoptosis in T24 bladder cancer cells through targeting multiple intracellular signaling pathways as a result of oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest. |
topic |
clerodane diterpene apoptosis bladder cancer epidermal growth factor receptor cell cycle |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/17/3958 |
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