Time-varying wing-twist improves aerodynamic efficiency of forward flight in butterflies.

Insect wings can undergo significant chordwise (camber) as well as spanwise (twist) deformation during flapping flight but the effect of these deformations is not well understood. The shape and size of butterfly wings leads to particularly large wing deformations, making them an ideal test case for...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lingxiao Zheng, Tyson L Hedrick, Rajat Mittal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3547021?pdf=render