Mass Production of Virus-Like Particles Using Chloroplast Genetic Engineering for Highly Immunogenic Oral Vaccine Against Fish Disease

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), which is one of the most serious fish diseases leading to mass mortality in a wide range of fish species worldwide. Although a few injectable inactivated vaccines are commercially available, there is a need for more...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yoichi Nakahira, Kaori Mizuno, Hirofumi Yamashita, Minami Tsuchikura, Kaoru Takeuchi, Takashi Shiina, Hidemasa Kawakami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.717952/full