Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review
Calf immunity, growth and puberty are important factors affecting heifer productivity. The first four weeks of age are critical for reducing calf morbidity and mortality. It is well documented that colostrum is paramount to neonatal nutrition and passive immunity, however, adaptation to extra-uterin...
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doaj-2397e611f3c24701a101968b6c29993d2021-04-22T23:06:26ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-04-01111212121210.3390/ani11051212Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A ReviewClaudia L. Cardoso0Ailbhe King1Aspinas Chapwanya2Giulia Esposito3Ruminant Health and Production, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South AfricaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Farm Road, Basseterre 42123, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Farm Road, Basseterre 42123, Saint Kitts and NevisRUM&N Sas, Via Sant’Ambrogio, 42123 Reggio Emilia (RE), ItalyCalf immunity, growth and puberty are important factors affecting heifer productivity. The first four weeks of age are critical for reducing calf morbidity and mortality. It is well documented that colostrum is paramount to neonatal nutrition and passive immunity, however, adaptation to extra-uterine life starts early during embryonic development. Therefore, successful calf rearing strategies are underpinned by adequate maternal nutrition during gestation, and good colostrum management. A deeper understanding of these interactions paves the way for developing strategies to improve immune responses to environmental pathogens, optimal growth and timely attainment of puberty in calves. The literature reviewed here shows that there are opportunities to enhance the future performance of cattle paying attention to the interaction of nutrition and immunity at each developmental stage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to give the reader an overview of interactions between immunity, growth and puberty in dairy calves and highlight how these influence future performances.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1212calf immunologycolostrumdam-foetus interactiongrowthgut healthpuberty |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Claudia L. Cardoso Ailbhe King Aspinas Chapwanya Giulia Esposito |
spellingShingle |
Claudia L. Cardoso Ailbhe King Aspinas Chapwanya Giulia Esposito Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review Animals calf immunology colostrum dam-foetus interaction growth gut health puberty |
author_facet |
Claudia L. Cardoso Ailbhe King Aspinas Chapwanya Giulia Esposito |
author_sort |
Claudia L. Cardoso |
title |
Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review |
title_short |
Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review |
title_full |
Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review |
title_fullStr |
Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ante-Natal and Post-Natal Influences on Neonatal Immunity, Growth and Puberty of Calves—A Review |
title_sort |
ante-natal and post-natal influences on neonatal immunity, growth and puberty of calves—a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Animals |
issn |
2076-2615 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Calf immunity, growth and puberty are important factors affecting heifer productivity. The first four weeks of age are critical for reducing calf morbidity and mortality. It is well documented that colostrum is paramount to neonatal nutrition and passive immunity, however, adaptation to extra-uterine life starts early during embryonic development. Therefore, successful calf rearing strategies are underpinned by adequate maternal nutrition during gestation, and good colostrum management. A deeper understanding of these interactions paves the way for developing strategies to improve immune responses to environmental pathogens, optimal growth and timely attainment of puberty in calves. The literature reviewed here shows that there are opportunities to enhance the future performance of cattle paying attention to the interaction of nutrition and immunity at each developmental stage. Therefore, the objective of this review is to give the reader an overview of interactions between immunity, growth and puberty in dairy calves and highlight how these influence future performances. |
topic |
calf immunology colostrum dam-foetus interaction growth gut health puberty |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/5/1212 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT claudialcardoso antenatalandpostnatalinfluencesonneonatalimmunitygrowthandpubertyofcalvesareview AT ailbheking antenatalandpostnatalinfluencesonneonatalimmunitygrowthandpubertyofcalvesareview AT aspinaschapwanya antenatalandpostnatalinfluencesonneonatalimmunitygrowthandpubertyofcalvesareview AT giuliaesposito antenatalandpostnatalinfluencesonneonatalimmunitygrowthandpubertyofcalvesareview |
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1721513633807073280 |