Detection and Monitoring of Tunneling-Induced Riverbed Deformation Using GPS and BeiDou: A Case Study
Shield tunneling under rivers often requires monitoring riverbed deformations in near real-time. However, it is challenging to measure riverbed deformation with conventional survey techniques. This study introduces a comprehensive method that uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) of the USA and t...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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Series: | Applied Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/13/2759 |